Terminating tachyarrhythmias
This disclosure is directed to techniques for treating tachyarrhythmias, such as atrial or ventricular fibrillation, in which a number of electrodes are employed to deliver electrical stimulation to a patient's heart in a manner designed to terminate the tachyarrhythmia episode.
1. A method for terminating a tachyarrhythmia comprising:
detecting the tachyarrhythmia;
determining a cycle length of the detected tachyarrhythmia;
delivering overdrive pacing to a septum of a heart of a patient in response to the detection;
delivering a first underdrive pacing to the septum at a first frequency; and
delivering a second underdrive pacing to the septum at a second frequency, wherein at least one of a frequency of the overdrive pacing, the first frequency of the first underdrive pacing, or the second frequency of the second underdrive pacing is a function of the cycle length of the tachyarrhythmia.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein an interval between the delivery of the overdrive pacing and the delivery of the first underdrive pacing is less than approximately 300 milliseconds.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the overdrive pacing and the first and second underdrive pacing are delivered via a plurality of electrodes arranged symmetrically on the septum.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the electrodes are arranged symmetrically on one of an atrial or a ventricular septum of the heart of the patient.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the electrodes comprises a plurality of electrodes arranged in a ring on the septum.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the ring of electrodes is arranged around an atrial septum ring on the atrial septum.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the ring of electrodes is arranged on a fossa ovalis in the atrial septum.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the electrodes are arranged symmetrically about a fossa ovalis in the atrial septum.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the electrodes comprise an array of electrodes arranged on the septum.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein overdrive pacing is delivered at a frequency in a range from approximately 62% to approximately 74% of the cycle length of the tachyarrhythmia.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first frequency of the first underdrive pacing is approximately equal to 130% of the cycle length of the tachyarrhythmia.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second frequency of the second underdrive pacing is approximately equal to 180% of the cycle length of the tachyarrhythmia.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein a duration of at least one of the overdrive pacing, the first underdrive pacing, or the second underdrive pacing is predetermined.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tachyarrhythmia is one of an atrial or a ventricular fibrillation.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising sensing atrial activity during the delivery of overdrive pacing, wherein delivering the overdrive pacing comprises delivering the overdrive pacing until the atrial activity indicates that the atria of the heart are substantially captured by the overdrive pacing.
16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising sensing ventricular activity during the delivery of overdrive pacing, wherein delivering the overdrive pacing comprises delivering the overdrive pacing until the ventricular activity indicates that the ventricles of the heart are substantially captured by the overdrive pacing.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein delivering the first underdrive pacing comprises delivering one pacing pulse at the first frequency.
18. The method of claim 1 further comprising stopping delivery of the overdrive pacing before delivering the first underdrive pacing.
19. The method of claim 1 further comprising stopping delivery of the first underdrive pacing before delivering the second underdrive pacing.