System and method for synchronization tracking in an in-band modem
Processing the synchronization of an inband modem to detect sample slip conditions is disclosed. Decision logic reliably detects the sample slip condition while minimizing the number of false alarms.
1. A method for identifying a sample slip in the transmission channel of an in-band modem comprising:
receiving a data bit, wherein the received data bit comprises a pulse positioned at one of a plurality of predetermined locations in a frame;
correlating the received data bit with a reference signal; and
identifying a sample slip based on the correlating,
wherein the correlating comprises a two-stage search,
wherein a first stage of the two-stage search comprises finding a plurality of possible maximum correlations within a first predetermined range around each of a first predetermined number of pulses in a frame, and
wherein a second stage of the two-stage search comprises finding the maximum correlation among the possible maximum correlations.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the identifying comprises:
determining a decision metric for a current frame, wherein the decision metric comprises determining the maximum correlation of all possible offsets in the frame relative to the correlation at zero offset;
determining the decision metric for a first predetermined number of subsequent frames;
determining if the decision metrics determined for the current and subsequent frames is larger than a second predetermined value; and
identifying a sample slip based on the determining if the decision metrics determined for the current and subsequent frames is larger than the second predetermined value.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the identifying comprises:
determining a decision metric for a current frame, wherein the decision metric comprises determining the maximum correlation of all possible offsets in the frame relative to the correlation at zero offset;
determining the decision metric for a first predetermined number of subsequent frames;
comparing the decision metrics determined from the current and subsequent frames to generate a plurality of decision differences;
determining if the decision differences fall within a first predetermined range; and
identifying a sample slip based on the determining if the decision differences fall within the first predetermined range.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the identifying further comprises ignoring frames which has a decision difference falling below a third predetermined threshold.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the reference signal comprises a comb pulse, wherein the comb pulse is comprised of a plurality of superimposed pulses.
6. An apparatus for identifying a sample slip in the transmission channel of an in-band modem comprising:
a receiver for receiving a data bit, wherein the received data bit comprises a pulse positioned at one of a plurality of predetermined locations in a frame;
a correlator for correlating the received data bit with a reference signal and
a processor for identifying a sample slip based on the correlating
wherein the correlator comprises a two-stage searcher,
wherein a first stage of the two-stage searcher comprises finding a plurality of possible maximum correlations within a first predetermined range around each of a first predetermined number of pulses in a frame, and
wherein a second stage of the two-stage searcher comprises finding the maximum correlation among the possible maximum correlations.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the identifying by the processor further comprises:
determining a decision metric for a current frame, wherein the decision metric comprises determining the maximum correlation of all possible offsets in the frame relative to the correlation at zero offset;
determining the decision metric for a first predetermined number of subsequent frames;
determining if the decision metrics determined for the current and subsequent frames is larger than a second predetermined value; and
identifying a sample slip based on the determining if the decision metrics determined for the current and subsequent frames is larger than the second predetermined value.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the identifying by the processor further comprises:
determining a decision metric for a current frame, wherein the decision metric comprises determining the maximum correlation of all possible offsets in the frame relative to the correlation at zero offset;
determining the decision metric for a first predetermined number of subsequent frames; comparing the decision metrics determined from the current and subsequent frames to generate a plurality of decision differences;
determining if the decision differences fall within a first predetermined range; and identifying a sample slip based on the determining if the decision differences fall within the first predetermined range.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the identifying by the processor further comprises ignoring frames which has a decision difference falling below a third predetermined threshold.
10. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the reference signal comprises a comb pulse, wherein the comb pulse is comprised of a plurality of superimposed pulses.
11. An apparatus for identifying a sample slip in the transmission channel of an in-band modem comprising:
means for receiving a data bit, wherein the received data bit comprises a pulse positioned at one of a plurality of predetermined locations in a frame;
means for correlating the received data bit with a reference signal; and
means for identifying a sample slip based on the correlating,
wherein the means for correlating comprises a two-stage search,
wherein a first stage of the two-stage search comprises means for finding a plurality of possible maximum correlations within a first predetermined range around each of a first predetermined number of pulses in a frame, and
wherein a second stage of the two-stage search comprises means for finding the maximum correlation among the possible maximum correlations.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the means for identifying comprises:
means for determining a decision metric for a current frame, wherein the decision metric comprises determining the maximum correlation of all possible offsets in the frame relative to the correlation at zero offset;
means for determining the decision metric for a first predetermined number of subsequent frames;
means for determining if the decision metrics determined for the current and subsequent frames is larger than a second predetermined value; and
means for identifying a sample slip based on the determining if the decision metrics determined for the current and subsequent frames is larger than the second predetermined value.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the means for identifying comprises:
means for determining a decision metric for a current frame, wherein the decision metric comprises determining the maximum correlation of all possible offsets in the frame relative to the correlation at zero offset;
means for determining the decision metric for a first predetermined number of subsequent frames;
means for comparing the decision metrics determined from the current and subsequent frames to generate a plurality of decision differences;
means for determining if the decision differences fall within a first predetermined range; and
means for identifying a sample slip based on the determining if the decision differences fall within the first predetermined range.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the means for identifying further comprises means for ignoring frames which has a decision difference falling below a third predetermined threshold.
15. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the reference signal comprises a comb pulse, wherein the comb pulse is comprised of a plurality of superimposed pulses.
16. A non-transitory memory storing a computer program that, when executed, causes a computer to perform the acts of:
receiving a data bit, wherein the received data bit comprises a pulse positioned at one of a plurality of predetermined locations in a frame;
correlating the received data bit with a reference signal; and
identifying a sample slip based on the correlating,
wherein the correlating comprises a two-stage search,
wherein a first stage of the two-stage search comprises finding a plurality of possible maximum correlations within a first predetermined range around each of a first predetermined number of pulses in a frame, and
wherein a second stage of the two-stage search comprises finding the maximum correlation among the possible maximum correlations.
17. The memory of claim 16 , further comprising a computer program that, when executed, causes a computer to perform the acts of:
determining a decision metric for a current frame, wherein the decision metric comprises determining the maximum correlation of all possible offsets in the frame relative to the correlation at zero offset;
determining the decision metric for a first predetermined number of subsequent frames;
determining if the decision metrics determined for the current and subsequent frames is larger than a second predetermined value; and
identifying a sample slip based on the determining if the decision metrics determined for the current and subsequent frames is larger than the second predetermined value.
18. The memory of claim 16 , further comprising a computer program that, when executed, causes a computer to perform the acts of:
determining a decision metric for a current frame, wherein the decision metric comprises determining the maximum correlation of all possible offsets in the frame relative to the correlation at zero offset;
determining the decision metric for a first predetermined number of subsequent frames;
comparing the decision metrics determined from the current and subsequent frames to generate a plurality of decision differences;
determining if the decision differences fall within a first predetermined range; and identifying a sample slip based on the determining if the decision differences fall within the first predetermined range.
19. The memory of claim 18 further comprising a computer program that, when executed, causes a computer to perform the acts of ignoring frames which has a decision difference falling below a third predetermined threshold.