Altering metabolism in biological processes
Compositions of peptides and surface-active agents are described, as are methods of making and using such compositions. The compositions are capable of affecting metabolic rates in biological systems, and to accelerate nutrient uptake without a concomitant increase in biofilm production.
1. A method for accelerating nutrient uptake in bacteria without a commensurate increase of biomass, comprising contacting said bacteria with a mixture of an aerobic yeast fermentation supernatant and a surface-active agent selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant, a combination of nonionic and anionic surfactants, an ethoxylated linear alcohol, and an alkyl ether sulfate, whereby the nutrient uptake in said bacteria is increased without a commensurate increase of biomass,
wherein the mixture of the aerobic yeast fermentation supernatant and the surface-active agent is obtained by:
fermenting under aerobic conditions a plurality of yeast cells in the presence of a nutrient source, wherein the yeast cells are selected from a group consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida utilis, Zygosaccharomyces, Pichia , and Hansanula ,
after the fermenting step, subjecting the yeast cells to heat stress by increasing the fermentation temperature to between 40° C. and 60° C. for 2 to 24 hours to obtain a fermentation product,
centrifuging the fermentation product to obtain the aerobic fermentation supernatant containing peptides, and
combining the aerobic fermentation supernatant with the surface-active agent.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disrupting the cellular structure of the plurality of yeast cells subsequent to the heating.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said disrupting the cellular structure of the plurality of yeast cells releases intracellular peptides from the yeast cells into the aerobic fermentation supernatant.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nutrient source comprises a sugar.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nutrient source further comprises one or more of diastatic malt, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate zinc sulfate, and ammonia.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein said disrupting the cellular structure of the plurality of yeast cells comprises physically disrupting or chemically disrupting the cellular structure of the plurality of yeast cells.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said physically disrupting comprises subjecting the yeast cells to one or more of a French Press, a ball mill, or a high-pressure homogenizer.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein said chemically disrupting comprises combining said plurality of yeast cells with a second surface-active agent.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein said chemically disrupting comprises adding about 2.5% to about 10% of a surfactant to a yeast cell suspension and agitating the mixture at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 35° C.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein said disrupting comprises both physically disrupting and chemically disrupting a plurality of said yeast cells.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the fermentation temperature to less than 25° C. subsequent to the heating step.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacteria are mixed in with wastewater.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacteria are present in a sewage collection system.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said sewage collection system comprises a system selected from a cross-flow membrane filtration system or a cooling tower.
15. A method for accelerating nutrient uptake in bacteria or yeast without a commensurate increase in biofilm production, comprising contacting said bacteria or yeast with a mixture of an aerobic yeast fermentation supernatant and a surface-active agent selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant, a combination of nonionic and anionic surfactants, an ethoxylated linear alcohol, and an alkyl ether sulfate, whereby the nutrient uptake in said bacteria or yeast is increased without a commensurate increase in biofilm production,
wherein the mixture of the aerobic yeast fermentation supernatant and the surface-active agent is obtained by:
fermenting under aerobic conditions a plurality of yeast cells in the presence of a nutrient source, wherein the yeast cells are selected from a group consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida utilis, Zygosaccharomyces, Pichia , and Hansanula ,
subjecting the yeast cells to heat stress by increasing the fermentation temperature to between 40° C. and 60° C. for 2 to 24 hours,
centrifuging the fermentation product to obtain the aerobic fermentation supernatant containing peptides, and
combining the aerobic fermentation supernatant with the surface-active agent.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising cooling the fermentation temperature to less than 25° C. subsequent to the heating step.