Toner and process for producing toner
A toner is provided which has toner particles and an inorganic fine powder; the toner particles being obtained by suspension polymerization using a specific polar resin. The toner is a toner in which; where, in displacement levels found in a micro-compression test in which a force is applied to a toner single particle at a loading rate of 9.8×10 −6 N/sec to measure a displacement level (μm) at a point of time where the force has reached a maximum force of 4.90×10 −4 N, the displacement level of the toner at a measurement temperature of 25° C. is represented by X(25) and the displacement level of the toner at a measurement temperature of 50° C. by X(50), and the number average particle diameter of the toner is represented by D (μm), the X(25), X(50) and D satisfies the relations: 0.10≦ X (25)/ D ≦0.35 (1) 30≦[ X (50)− X (25)]/ X (25)×100≦150 (2).
1. A toner which comprises:
toner particles, and
an inorganic fine powder;
wherein the toner particles are obtained by the following steps of:
adding to an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least:
a polymerizable monomer,
a colorant, and
a polar resin comprising a polar resin-A, a polar resin-B, and a polar resin-C,
granulating the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous medium to form particles of the polymerizable monomer composition, and
polymerizing the polymerizable monomer contained in the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition;
wherein, in displacement levels found in a micro-compression test in which a force is applied to one of the toner particles at a loading rate of 9.8×10 −6 N/sec to measure a displacement level (μm) at a point of time where the force has reached a maximum force of 4.90×10 −4 N,
the displacement level at a measurement temperature of 25° C. is represented by X(25),
the displacement level at a measurement temperature of 50° C. is represented by X(50), and
the number average particle diameter of the toner is represented by D (μm), the X(25), the X(50) and the D satisfy the following relations (1) and (2):
0.10 ≦X (25)/ D≦ 0.35 (1), and
30≦[ X (50)− X (25)]/ X (25)×100≦150 (2),
wherein,
the acid value of the polar resin-A is represented by Av(A),
the hydroxyl value of the polar resin-A is represented by OHv(A),
the acid value of the polar resin-B is represented by Av(B), and
the hydroxyl value of the polar resin-B is represented by OHv(B),
the Av(A), the OHv(A), the Av(B), and the OHv(B) satisfy the following relation (3):
Av ( A )+ OHv ( A )< Av ( B )+ OHv ( B ) (3), and
wherein, the polar resin-C is a polymer or copolymer having a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic salt group or a sulfonic ester group; and the polar resin-C has a glass transition point Tg (C) of from 70° C. to 90° C.; and the glass transition point Tg (A) of the polar resin-A, the glass transition point Tg (B) of the polar resin-B and the glass transition point Tg (C) satisfy the following relation (4):
Tg ( B )≦ Tg ( C )< Tg ( A ) (4).
2. The toner according to claim 1 , which has an average circularity of from 0.960 to 1.000 as measured with a flow particle image analyzer, where particles having an average circularity of less than 0.960 is in a number of from 2% by number to 30% by number and particles having a particle diameter of less than 2 μm is in a number of from 2% by number to 20% by number.
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the polar resin A has a weight-average molecular weight Mw(A) of from 8,000 to 50,000 and the polar resin B has a weight-average molecular weight Mw(B) of from 5,000 to 25,000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography, and Mw(B)<Mw(A).
4. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the polar resin A has a glass transition point Tg(A) of from 80° C. to 100° C. and the polar resin B has a glass transition point Tg(B) of from 60° C. to 80° C., and Tg(B)<Tg(A).
5. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the polar resin A has an acid value Av(A) of from 5 mgKOH/g to 30 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl value OHv(A) of from 5 mgKOH/g to 50 mgKOH/g.
6. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the polar resin B is a polyester resin.
7. A process for producing a toner; the process comprising the steps of:
adding to an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least:
a polymerizable monomer,
a colorant, and
a polar resin comprising a polar resin-A, a polar resin-B, and a polar resin-C,
granulating the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous medium to form particles of the polymerizable monomer composition, and
polymerizing the polymerizable monomer contained in the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition, to obtain toner particles;
wherein, in displacement levels found in a micro-compression test in which a force is applied to one of the toner particles at a loading rate of 9.8×10 −6 N/sec to measure a displacement level (μm) at a point of time where the force has reached a maximum force of 4.90×10 −4 N,
the displacement level at a measurement temperature of 25° C. is represented by X(25),
the displacement level at a measurement temperature of 50° C. by X(50), and
the number average particle diameter of the toner is represented by D (μm), the X(25), the X(50) and the D satisfy the following relations (1) and (2):
0.10 ≦X (25)/ D≦ 0.35 (1), and
30 ≦[X (50)− X (25)]/ X (25)×100≦150 (2),
wherein,
the acid value of the polar resin-A is represented by Av(A),
the hydroxyl value of the polar resin-A is represented by OHv(A),
the acid value of the polar resin-B is represented by Av(B), and
the hydroxyl value of the polar resin-B is represented by OHv(B),
the Av(A), the OHv(A), the Av(B), and the OHv(B) satisfy the following relation (3):
Av ( A )+ OHv ( A )< Av ( B )+ OHv ( B ) (3), and
wherein, the polar resin-C is a polymer or copolymer having a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic salt group or a sulfonic ester group; and the polar resin-C has a glass transition point Tg (C) of from 70° C. to 90° C.; and the glass transition point Tg (A) of the polar resin-A, the glass transition point Tg (B) of the polar resin-B and the glass transition point Tg (C) satisfy the following relation (4):
Tg ( B )≦ Tg ( C )< Tg ( A ) (4).
8. A process for producing a toner according to claim 7 , which further comprises the step of, before adding the polymerizable monomer composition to the aqueous medium, treating the polymerizable monomer composition by using a stirring apparatus comprising a stirring blade which is rotatable at a high speed and a screening member which is provided around the stirring blade and rotatable at a high speed in the direction opposite to the stirring blade.
9. A process for producing a toner according to claim 7 , which further comprises the step of, before adding the polymerizable monomer composition to the aqueous medium, treating the polymerizable monomer composition by using a stirring apparatus comprising a rotor and a stator which each have such a shape that ring-shaped projections having a plurality of shear planes and faces are formed multiply in the form of concentric circles, and are coaxially face to face placed in such a way that the both engage with each other leaving a constant distance between them.