Solvent assisted oil recovery
The recovery of oil from a reservoir is assisted by injecting a diluent into the reservoir formation to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil. This diluent is a mixture of a material which is an asphaltene precipitant, especially supercritical carbon dioxide, and a more polar material which comprises at least one aliphatic compound which includes at least one of a cycloaliphatic ring, an olefinic unsaturation, an ester or ether group. The inclusion of such an aliphatic compound which is more polar than the asphaltene precipitant reduces asphaltene precipitation and can enhance the efficiency of oil recovery when the precipitant is by supercritical carbon dioxide.
1. A method of recovering oil from a reservoir, comprising injecting a viscosity reducing diluent into the reservoir via an injection well to assist oil recovery via a production well spaced from the injection well, wherein the diluent comprises an asphaltene precipitant which comprises carbon dioxide which is in supercritical state when injected into the reservoir and wherein the method also comprises injecting into the reservoir a further viscosity reducing diluent substance which is more polar than the asphaltene precipitant and which reduces asphaltene precipitation, wherein-said further viscosity reducing diluent substance comprises at least one aliphatic compound which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms only, contains from 4 to 70 carbon atoms and includes at least one of the following:
a cycloaliphatic ring;
an olefinic unsaturation; and
an ester or ether group;
with any oxygen atom being present within a said ester or ether group.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said further viscosity reducing diluent substance has a Hildebrand solubility parameter in the range from 16 to 21 MPa 1/2 .
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said further viscosity reducing diluent substance has Hansen solubility parameters in the ranges:
δ d 14.5-19.6 MPa 1/2
δ p 0-8.2 MPa 1/2
δ h 0-6.8 MPa 1/2 .
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said further viscosity reducing diluent substance comprises at least one hydrocarbon containing 5 to 20 carbon atoms and having at least one cycloaliphatic ring and/or at least one olefinic unsaturation.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said further viscosity reducing diluent substance comprises at least one aliphatic ester containing at least one a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain of 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the said further viscosity reducing diluent substance comprises at least one ester of the general formula
R 1 —COO—R 2
where R 1 and R 2 are straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chains optionally including olefinic unsaturation and having a length of 1 to 22 carbon atoms and where R 1 and R 2 together contain 12 to 44 carbon atoms.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein R 1 comprises a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chain optionally including olefinic unsaturation and having a length of 11 to 18 carbon atoms and where R 2 comprises methyl, ethyl, propyl and/or butyl.
8. A method according to claim 5 wherein the said further viscosity reducing diluent substance comprises diesters of formula
R 1 —Z 1 —R 3 —Z 2 —R 2
where Z 1 and Z 2 each represent COO or OCO, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chains optionally including olefinic unsaturation and each having a length of 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 together contain from 12 to 66 carbon atoms.
9. A method according to claim 5 wherein the said further viscosity reducing diluent substance comprises triglycerides of formula
R 1 COO—CH2—CH(OCOR 4 )—CH2—OCOR 2
where R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chains optionally including olefinic unsaturation and each having a length of 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and R 1 , R 2 and R 4 together contain from 12 to 66 carbon atoms.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 4 each contain from 11 to 21 carbon atoms.
11. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said further viscosity reducing diluent substance comprises a mixture of
at least one hydrocarbon containing 5 to 20 carbon atoms and having at least one cycloaliphatic ring and/or at least one olefinic unsaturation and
at least one aliphatic ester containing at least one a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain of 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
12. A method according to claim 1 wherein both the carbon dioxide and the more polar further viscosity reducing diluent substance are injected into the reservoir via the same injection wellbore, with the carbon dioxide in a supercritical state and the further viscosity reducing diluent substance in solution in the supercritical carbon dioxide.
13. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said more polar further viscosity reducing diluent substance which reduces asphaltene precipitation is injected via a production wellbore into the region of the reservoir adjacent to that wellbore.
14. A method according to claim 1 wherein the asphaltene precipitant comprises hydrocarbon mixed with carbon dioxide which is in supercritical state when injected into the reservoir.
15. A method according to claim 2 wherein the further viscosity reducing diluent substance has a Hildebrand solubility parameter less than 18.2 MPa 1/2 .