Anti-inflammatory compounds

1. A compound selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein,

P 1 and P 2 are each independently, a hydrogen atom, alkyl, a hydroxyl group or a substituted hydroxyl group, benzyl ether, trityl ether, alkyl ether, tetrahydropyranyl ether, trialkylsilyl ether, glycol ether, or allyl ether, when

indicates a single bond,

P 1 , P 2 , R 1 and R 2 are not present, when

indicates a double bond, and

when

is a single bond, R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted branched or non-branched alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted branched or non-branched alkylaryl group, or a combination thereof;

X is —C(O)OR 3 , —C(O)NR 4 R 5 , —C(O)H, —C(NH)NR 4 R 5 , —C(S)H, —C(S)OR 3 , —C(S)NR 4 R 5 , or —CN;

R 3 is hydrogen, benzyl ether, trityl ether, alkyl ether, tetrahydropyranyl ether, trialkylsilyl ether, glycol ether, allyl ether, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle or a group of the formula: —NR a R b , wherein R a and R b are each independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, or R a and R b are optionally taken together with an adjacent nitrogen atom to form a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-comprising heterocyclic ring;

R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, or R 4 and R 5 are optionally taken together with an adjacent nitrogen atom to form a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-comprising heterocyclic ring; and

double bond configuration of the compound can be any of cis or trans.

2. The compound, or salt, of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

3. A pharmaceutical, comprising the compound, or salt of claim 1 .

4. The pharmaceutical of claim 3 , adapted for treating at least one disease, disorder, or state which is improved by inhibiting neutrophil selected from the group consisting of a pulmonary disease, an ischemic disease, an inflammatory disease, and a stress related disease.

5. A method of producing the compound, or salt of claim 1 , comprising:

A) contacting eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 18-hydroxyl eicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), or 20-hydroxyl docosahexaenoic acid (HDoHE) with at least one selected from the group consisting of 8-lipoxygenase (8-LOX), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), soybean lipoxygenase (sLOX), and eosinophil, or an extract thereof, to obtain an enzyme metabolite; and

B) reducing or oxidizing the enzyme metabolite as necessary, optionally introducing a substituent, and optionally separating or purifying an objective compound, or salt thereof.

6. A method of producing the compound, or salt of claim 1 , comprising:

A) contacting eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 18-hydroxyl eicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE) or 20-hydroxyl docosahexaenoic acid (HDoHE) with at least one selected from the group consisting of 8-lipoxygenase (8-LOX), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), soybean lipoxygenase (sLOX), and eosinophil, or an extract thereof, to obtain an enzyme metabolite;

B) contacting the enzyme metabolite obtained in the contacting A), after purification or without purification, with at least one selected from the group consisting of 8-lipoxygenase (8-LOX), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), soybean lipoxygenase (sLOX), and eosinophil, or an extract, thereof to obtain a secondary enzyme metabolite; and

C) reducing or oxidizing the secondary enzyme metabolite as necessary, optionally introducing a substituent, and optionally separating or purifying the objective compound, or salt thereof.

7. A method of treating an inflammatory disease, comprising administering an effective amount of the compound, or salt of claim 1 to a subject in need of the treating.

8. A method of treating a disease, a disorder, or a state associated with neutrophil, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, an effective amount of the compound, or salt of claim 1 .

9. A method of analyzing the compound of claim 1 or a PUFA metabolite, comprising introducing the compound or metabolite onto a liquid chromatograph employing the following liquid chromatography conditions:

A liquid: water/acetic acid=100/0.1, and B liquid: acetonitrile/methanol=4/1 as a solvent system, with a flow rate: 0 to 30 minutes→50 μL/minute, 30 to 33 minutes→80 μL/minute, 33 to 45 minutes→100 μL/minute, with a solvent gradient of FIG. 1B or an altered system thereof, and parameters described in FIG. 1C .

10. A method of treating a pulmonary disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, an effective amount of the compound or salt claim 1 ,

wherein the pulmonary disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of pulmonary distress syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

11. A method of treating an ischemic disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, an effective amount of the compound or salt of claim 1 ,

wherein the ischemic disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of ischemic cardiac disease, ischemic renal disease, ischemic brain disease, and ischemic hepatic disease.

12. A method of treating a stress related disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, an effective amount of the compound or salt of claim 1 ,

wherein the stress related disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of erosive gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, bronchial asthma, ulcerative colitis, arteriosclerosis, Crohn disease, malignant tumor, ovarian cyst, salpingitis, hysteromyoma, endometriosis, spontaneous abortion, gestosis, infertility, and dysmenorrhea.

13. The compound, or salt of claim 1 , having a structure of

14. The compound, or salt of claim 1 , having a structure of