Superficially porous particles and methods of making and using same
Disclosed are porous-shell particles, methods of making the particles, and uses thereof. In one aspect, the porous-shell particles are superficially porous particles.
1. A plurality of superficially porous particles; wherein at least one of the superficially porous particles is aggregated with a smaller totally porous particle.
2. The particles of claim 1 , wherein the superficially porous particles comprise substantially solid cores having:
a) a size ranging from about 20% to about 99% of the size of the total particle size;
b) substantially porous outer shells having ordered pores with a median pore size ranges from about 15 to about 1000 Å with a pore size distribution (one standard deviation) of no more than 50% of the median pore size
c) wherein the particles have a specific surface area of from about 5 to about 1000 m 2 /g; and
d) wherein the particles have a median size range from about 0.5 μm to about 100 μm with a particle size distribution (one standard deviation) of no more than 15% of the median particle size.
3. The particles of claim 1 , wherein the superficially porous particles have a diameter from about 0.5 μm to about 10 μm.
4. The particles of claim 1 , wherein the superficially porous particles comprise one or more of silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, ferric oxide, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, or tin oxide.
5. A separation device having a stationary phase comprising a plurality of superficially porous particles; wherein at least one of the superficially porous particles is aggregated with a smaller totally porous particle.
6. The separation device of claim 5 , wherein the superficially porous particles comprise substantially solid cores having
a) a size ranging from about 20% to about 99% of the size of the total particle size;
b) substantially porous outer shells having ordered pores with a median pore size ranges from about 15 to about 1000 Å with a pore size distribution (one standard deviation) of no more than 50% of the median pore size
c) wherein the particles have a specific surface area of from about 5 to about 1000 m 2 /g; and
d) wherein the particles have a median size range from about 0.5 μm to about 100 μm with a particle size distribution (one standard deviation) of no more than 15% of the median particle size.
7. The separation device of claim 5 , wherein the superficially porous particles comprise one or more of silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, ferric oxide, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, or tin oxide.