Method and processor and magnetic resonance apparatus for designing RF pulses to mitigate off-resonance effects
In a magnetic resonance apparatus and operating method therefor, and in a processor that is programmed to design RF pulses for operating such a magnetic resonance apparatus, the RF pulses are designed to mitigate off-resonance effects caused by inhomogeneity of the basic (B0) magnetic field in the magnetic resonance apparatus. The RF pulses of a parallel transmit array are designed with different spatial phase distributions, that deviate from a constant phase from pulse-to-pulse, with the absolute value of the difference between respective spatial phase distributions of any two successively radiated RF pulses corresponding to the off-resonance that is caused by B0-inhomogeneity during the time between the radiation of the successive pulses. Additionally, or separately, currents supplied to the shim coils can be taken into account in the design of the RF pulses as an additional degree of freedom, with the shimming of the basic magnetic field produced by the shim currents deviating from shim currents designed to ideally produce a homogenous B0 field.
1. A computerized method for designing radio-frequency (RF) pulses to be radiated in a parallel transmission RF array in a pulse sequence used to operate a magnetic resonance apparatus in which a B0 field is present that exhibits a B0-inhomogeneity that causes off-resonance effects, said method comprising the steps of:
in a computerized processor, executing a design algorithm that designs said RF pulses to respectively radiate B1 fields in said parallel RF transmission array, each B1 field having an associated spatial phase distribution;
in said processor, executing said design algorithm by designing said RF pulses to produce respective associated spatial phase distributions that are non-constant and that differ from each other by a difference that mitigates said off-resonance effect caused by said B0-inhomogeneity; and
at an output of said processor, providing a data file that represents the RF pulses designed by execution of said design algorithm, in a form incorporable in said pulse sequence to operate said magnetic resonance apparatus.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising executing said design algorithm to design said RF pulses in a succession of n pulses having respective associated spatial phase distributions Ph n , with |Ph n -Ph n-1 |{circumflex over (=)}off-resonance induced by the zero inhomogeneity during the time t n -t n-1 .
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said magnetic resonance apparatus comprises shim coils respectively supplied with shim currents to produce fields that influence said B0 field, and wherein said method comprises:
in said computerized processor, executing said design algorithm to design said RF pulses using said shim currents as an additional degree of freedom to mitigate said off-resonance effects produced by said B0-inhomogeneity.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 comprising, in said computerized processor, executing said design algorithm to set said shim currents to cause said B0 field to be non-homogenous to a degree that, in combination with the respective spatial phase distributions associated with said RF pulses, mitigates said off-resonance effect caused by said B0 inhomogeneity.
5. A computerized processor for designing radio-frequency (RF) pulses to be radiated in a parallel transmission RF array in a pulse sequence used to operate a magnetic resonance apparatus in which a B0 field is present that exhibits a B0-inhomogeneity that causes off-resonance effects:
said computerized processor being configured to execute a design algorithm that designs said RF pulses to respectively radiate B1 fields in said parallel RF transmission array, each B1 field having an associated spatial phase distribution;
said computerized processor being configured to execute said design algorithm to design said RF pulses to produce respective associated spatial phase distributions that are non-constant and that differ from each other by a difference that mitigates said off-resonance effect caused by said B0-inhomogeneity; and
said computerized processor having an output at which a data file is provided that represents the RF pulses designed by execution of said design algorithm, in a form incorporable in said pulse sequence to operate said magnetic resonance apparatus.
6. A computerized processor as claimed in claim 5 configured to execute said design algorithm to design said RF pulses in a succession of n pulses having respective associated spatial phase distributions Ph n , with |Ph n -Ph n-1 |{circumflex over (=)}off-resonance induced by the zero inhomogeneity during the time t n -t n-1 .
7. A computerized processor as claimed in claim 5 wherein said magnetic resonance apparatus comprises shim coils respectively supplied with shim currents to produce fields that influence said B0 field, and wherein said method comprises:
said computerized processor is configured to execute said design algorithm to design said RF pulses using said shim currents as an additional degree of freedom to mitigate said off-resonance effects produced by said B0-inhomogeneity.
8. A computerized processor as claimed in claim 7 wherein said computerized processor is configured to execute said design algorithm to set said shim currents to cause said B0 field to be non-homogenous to a degree that, in combination with the respective spatial phase distributions associated with said RF pulses, mitigates said off-resonance effect caused by said B0 inhomogeneity.
9. A method for operating a magnetic resonance apparatus, comprising the steps of:
generating a B0 field in a data acquisition unit of said magnetic resonance apparatus, said B0 field exhibiting a B0-inhomogeneity that causes off-resonance effects;
operating said data acquisition unit to acquire magnetic resonance data from a subject by providing a pulse sequence to said data acquisition unit that causes respective B1 fields, each having a spatial phase distribution associated therewith, to be radiated by a parallel transmission RF array of the data acquisition unit, according to RF pulses in said pulse sequence; and
designing said RF pulses to produce respective associated spatial phase distributions that are non-constant and that differ from each other by a difference that mitigates said off-resonance effect caused by said B0-in homogeneity.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9 comprising designing said RF pulses in a succession of n pulses having respective associated spatial phase distributions Ph n , with |Ph n -Ph n-1 |{circumflex over (=)}off-resonance induced by the zero inhomogeneity during the time t n -t n-1 .
11. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein said magnetic resonance apparatus comprises shim coils respectively supplied with shim currents to produce fields that influence said B0 field, and wherein said method comprises:
designing said RF pulses using said shim currents as an additional degree of freedom to mitigate said off-resonance effects produced by said B0-inhornogeneity.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11 comprising setting said shim currents to cause said B0 field to be non-homogenous to a degree that, in combination with the respective spatial phase distributions associated with said RF pulses, mitigates said off-resonance effect caused by said B0 inhomogeneity.
13. A magnetic resonance apparatus comprising:
a data acquisition unit in which a B0 field is generated, said B0 field exhibiting a B0-inhomogeneity that causes off-resonance effects;
a computerized control unit configured to operate said data acquisition unit to acquire magnetic resonance data from a subject by providing a pulse sequence to said data acquisition unit that causes respective B1 fields, each having a spatial phase distribution associated therewith, to be radiated by a parallel transmission RF array of the data acquisition unit; according to RF pulses in said pulse sequence; and
said control unit providing said RF pulses to have a design that produces respective associated spatial phase distributions that are non-constant and that differ from each other by a difference that mitigates said off-resonance effect caused by said B0-inhomogeneity.
14. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 13 wherein said control unit provides said RF pulses in a succession of n pulses having respective associated spatial phase distributions Ph n , with |Ph n -Ph n-1 |{circumflex over (=)}off-resonance induced by the zero inhomogeneity during the time t n -t n-1 .
15. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein said control unit is configured to set said shim currents to cause said B0 field to be non-homogenous to a degree that, in combination with the respective spatial phase distributions associated with said RF pulses, mitigates said off-resonance effect caused by said B0 inhomogeneity.