Rigid ballistic composites made from poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide fibers having large denier per filament
According to some embodiments, there is provided a ballistic-resistant composite including a plurality of large denier per filament (dpf) yarns. The large dpf yarns may have a “Composite-Armor dpf factor” (CA•dpf) of greater than or equal to 6.9.
1. A rigid ballistic-resistant composite, comprising:
a) a plurality of yarns arranged into a fabric, the yarns having a “Composite-Armor dpf factor” (CA•dpffactor) selected to provide improved ballistic performance; and
b) a resin in contact with the fabric to form a rigid composite panel in which the yarns of the fabric are held in place by the resin,
wherein CA•dpffactor is determined according to the following equation:
CA
·
dpf
factor
=
dpf
yarn
(
1
(
S
.
G
.
yarn
)
3
)
=
dpf
yarn
×
(
S
.
G
.
yarn
)
3
,
wherein dpfyarn is a denier per filament of the yarns,
wherein S.G.yarn is a specific gravity of the yarns, and
wherein the yarns have a CA•dpffactor of less than 85, and include poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide fibers having a CA•dpffactor of greater than 6.72.
2. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 1 , wherein the yarns have a CA•dpf factor between 6.75 and 9.35.
3. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 1 , wherein the yarns comprise poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide fibers having a dpf yarn of greater than 2.25.
4. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 3 , wherein the poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide fibers have a dpf yarn between 2.25 and 9.5.
5. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 1 , wherein the resin is a thermosetting resin.
6. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 1 , wherein the resin is a thermoplastic resin.
7. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 1 , wherein the resin is selected from the group consisting of:
polyesters; polypropylenes; polyurethanes; polyethers; polybutadiene; polyacrylate; copolymers of ethylene; polycarbonates; ionomers; ethylene acrylic acid (EAA); copolymers;
phenolics; vinyl esters; PVB phenolics; natural rubbers; synthetic rubbers; polyethylene; and styrene-butadiene rubbers.
8. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 1 , wherein the yarns comprise organic high-performance fibers.
9. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 1 , wherein the yarns comprise industrial fibers.
10. A protective material comprising the rigid ballistic-resistant composite as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protective material is selected from the group consisting of: body armor; personal armor plates; personal armor shields; commercial vehicle armor; military vehicle armor; lightweight aircraft armor; ship armor; helmets; and structural armor.
11. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 1 , wherein the yarns have a CA•dpf factor of about 9.35.
12. A rigid ballistic-resistant composite, comprising:
a) a resin; and
b) a plurality of yarns held in place by the resin,
wherein the yarns have a “Composite-Armor dpf factor” (CA•dpf factor ) determined according to
CA
·
dpf
factor
=
dpf
yarn
(
1
(
S
.
G
.
yarn
)
3
)
=
dpf
yarn
×
(
S
.
G
.
yarn
)
3
,
wherein dpf yarn is a denier per filament of the yarns,
wherein S.G.density yarn is a specific gravity of the yarns, and
wherein the yarns include poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide fibers having a CA•dpf factor of greater than 6.72.
13. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 12 , wherein the yarns comprise poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide fibers having a dpf yarn of greater than 2.25.
14. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 13 , wherein the poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide fibers have a dpf yarn between 2.25 and 9.5.
15. The rigid ballistic-resistant composite of claim 12 , wherein the yarns have a CA•dpf factor of about 9.35.