Method and apparatus for current sensing in power over Ethernet (PoE) systems
Systems and methods are provided for power control. In some implementations, a power control system includes a first transistor having a drain coupled to a first conductor (e.g., first pair of wires of an Ethernet cable), a second transistor having a drain coupled to a second conductor (e.g., second pair of wires of the Ethernet cable), a current sensor coupled to sources of the first and second transistors, and a current management circuit. The current management circuit may detect drain voltages of the first transistor and the second transistor, and adjust gate voltages of the first transistor and the second transistor to keep the drain voltages of the first transistor and the second transistor approximately equal. The current management circuit may detect a current through the current sensor, and adjust the gate voltages of the first transistor and the second transistor to limit the detected current to a current limit.
1. A power control system, comprising:
a first transistor;
a second transistor;
an interface configured to couple a drain of the first transistor to a first conductor, and to couple a drain of the second transistor to a second conductor;
a current sensor coupled to a source of the first transistor and a source of the second transistor; and
a current management circuit comprising a first comparator, and a second comparator, wherein:
the first comparator is configured to detect a drain voltage of the first transistor,
the second comparator is configured to detect a drain voltage of the second transistor,
the first and the second comparators are further configured to adjust a gate voltage of the first transistor and a gate voltage of the second transistor to keep the detected drain voltages of the first and the second transistors approximately equal by comparing the drain voltage of the first transistor and the drain voltage of the second transistor to a reference voltage.
2. The power control system of claim 1 , wherein the current sensor comprises a current-sensing resistor, and wherein the current management circuit further comprises a controller configured to adjust the gate voltage of the first transistor and the gate voltage of the second transistor to limit a detected current through the current sensor to a current limit by controlling switches coupled to gates of the first and second transistors.
3. The power control system of claim 1 , wherein the first conductor comprises a first pair of wires of an Ethernet cable, and the second conductor comprises a second pair of wires of the Ethernet cable.
4. The power control system of claim 1 , wherein the current management circuit is further configured to compare a detected current through the current sensor to a current threshold, and, when the detected current exceeds the current threshold for a time period, to shut off the first transistor and the second transistor.
5. The power control system of claim 4 , further comprising:
a first switch coupled between a gate of the first transistor and a ground; and
a second switch coupled between a gate of the second transistor and the ground;
wherein the current management circuit is configured to shut off the first transistor and the second transistor by closing the first switch and the second switch, respectively.
6. The power control system of claim 1 , wherein the current management circuit is configured to limit a detected current through the current sensor to a current limit by comparing the detected current to a current limit threshold, and, when the detected current exceeds the current limit threshold, reducing the gate voltage of the first transistor and the gate voltage of the second transistor.
7. The power control system of claim 1 , wherein the current management circuit is configured to keep the detected drain voltages of the first and the second transistors approximately equal by adjusting the gate voltage of the first transistor to reduce a difference between the drain voltage of the first transistor and the reference voltage, and adjusting the gate voltage of the second transistor to reduce a difference between the drain voltage of the second transistor and the reference voltage.
8. The power control system of claim 7 , wherein the current management circuit is configured to limit a detected current through the current sensor to a current limit by increasing the reference voltage when the detected current exceeds a current limit threshold.
9. A method for power control, comprising:
detecting a drain voltage of a first transistor having a drain coupled to a first conductor and a source coupled to a current sensor;
detecting a drain voltage of a second transistor having a drain coupled to a second conductor and a source coupled to the current sensor;
adjusting a gate voltage of the first transistor and a gate voltage of the second transistor to keep the detected drain voltages of the first and the second transistors approximately equal by comparing the detected drain voltages of the first and the second transistors to a reference voltage;
detecting a current through the current sensor; and
adjusting the gate voltage of the first transistor and the gate voltage of the second transistor to limit the detected current to a current limit by controlling switches coupled to gates of the first and second transistors.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the current sensor comprises a current-sensing resistor.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first conductor comprises a first pair of wires of an Ethernet cable, and the second conductor comprises a second pair of wires of the Ethernet cable.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
comparing the detected current to a current threshold; and
when the detected current exceeds the current threshold for a time period, shutting off the first transistor and the second transistor.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein shutting off the first transistor and the second transistor comprises:
closing a first switch coupled between a gate of the first transistor and a ground; and
closing a second switch coupled between a gate of the second transistor and the ground.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein adjusting the gate voltage of the first transistor and the gate voltage of the second transistor to limit the detected current to the current limit comprises:
comparing the detected current to a current limit threshold; and
when the detected current exceeds the current limit threshold, reducing the gate voltage of the first transistor and the gate voltage of the second transistor.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein adjusting the gate voltage of the first transistor and the gate voltage of the second transistor to keep the detected drain voltages of the first and the second transistors approximately equal comprises:
adjusting the gate voltage of the first transistor to reduce a difference between the drain voltage of the first transistor and the reference voltage; and
adjusting the gate voltage of the second transistor to reduce a difference between the drain voltage of the second transistor and the reference voltage.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein adjusting the gate voltage of the first transistor and the gate voltage of the second transistor to limit the detected current to a current limit comprises increasing the reference voltage when the detected current exceeds a current limit threshold.
17. A power source equipment (PSE), comprising:
a power source;
a first transistor;
a second transistor;
an interface configured to couple a drain of the first transistor to a first pair of wires of an Ethernet cable, to couple a drain of the second transistor to a second pair of wires of the Ethernet cable, and to couple the power source to a third pair of wires of the Ethernet cable;
a current sensor coupled to a source of the first transistor and a source of the second transistor; and
a current management circuit comprising a first comparator, and a second comparator, wherein:
the first comparator is configured to detect a drain voltage of the first transistor,
the second comparator is configured to detect a drain voltage of the second transistor,
the first and the second comparators are further configured to adjust a gate voltage of the first transistor and a gate voltage of the second transistor to keep the detected drain voltages of the first and the second transistors approximately equal by comparing the drain voltage of the first transistor and the drain voltage of the second transistor to a reference voltage.
18. The PSE of claim 17 , wherein the current sensor comprises a current-sensing resistor, and wherein the current management circuit further comprises a controller configured to adjust the gate voltage of the first transistor and the gate voltage of the second transistor to limit a current through the current sensor to a current limit by controlling switches coupled to gates of the first and second transistors.
19. The PSE of claim 17 , wherein the interface is configured to couple the power source to a fourth pair of wires of the Ethernet cable in parallel with the third pair of wires of the Ethernet cable.
20. The PSE of claim 17 , wherein the current management circuit is configured to keep the detected drain voltages of the first and the second transistors approximately equal by adjusting the gate voltage of the first transistor to reduce a difference between the drain voltage of the first transistor and the reference voltage, and adjusting the gate voltage of the second transistor to reduce a difference between the drain voltage of the second transistor and the reference voltage.
21. The PSE of claim 20 , wherein the current management circuit is configured to limit a detected current through the current sensor to a current limit by increasing the reference voltage when the detected current exceeds a current limit threshold.