Hole enlargement drilling device and methods for using same
A bottomhole assembly (BHA) coupled to a drill string includes one or more controllers, and a hole enlargement device that selectively enlarges the diameter of the wellbore formed by the drill bit. The hole enlargement device includes an actuation unit that may move extendable cutting elements o the hole enlargement device between a radially extended position and a radially retracted position. The actuation unit may be responsive to a signal that is transmitted from a downhole and/or a surface location. The hole enlargement device may also include one or more position sensors that transmit a position signal indicative of a radial position of the cutting elements. In an illustrative operating mode, one or more operating parameters of the hole enlargement device may be adjusted based on one or more measured parameters. This adjustment may be done in a closed-loop or automated fashion and/or by human personnel.
1. An apparatus for forming a wellbore in an earthen formation, comprising:
a drill string having a drill bit;
a controllable steering device steering the drill bit in a selected direction, the steering device being configured to receive instructions;
a hole enlargement device positioned along the drill string, the hole enlargement device having at least one selectively extendable cutting element configured to form a substantially circular wellbore having a diameter larger than the wellbore formed by the drill bit;
a drilling motor for rotating the hole enlargement device and the drill bit, wherein the hole enlargement device and the steering device are positioned between the drilling motor and the drill bit;
a controller programmed to activate the hole enlargement device upon receiving a first signal and deactivate the hole enlargement device upon receiving a second signal;
a sensor positioned on the hole enlargement device uphole from the at least one selectively extendable cutting element and configured to sense a measured parameter of interest, wherein the measured parameter of interest is at least one of weight-on-hole enlargement device and torque-on-hole enlargement device, wherein at least one of the first signal and the second signal are generated at least partially in response to weight-on-hole enlargement device and torque-on-hole enlargement device data collected from the sensor;
a second sensor proximate the drill bit configured to measure a second parameter of interest, wherein the second parameter of interest relates to one of:
(i) weight at the drill bit; and
(ii) torque at the drill bit; and
wherein the controller is further programmed to control the hole enlargement device in response to the difference between the measured parameter of interest and the second parameter of interest.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is responsive to a signal that is one of: (i) a pressure pulse, (ii) an electrical signal, (iii) an EM signal, (iv) an acoustic signal, and (v) an optical signal.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the drill string includes at least one conductor configured to convey one of: (i) an electrical signal, and (ii) an optical signal.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one sensor positioned on the drill string and that is configured to measure a selected parameter of interest.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the hole enlargement device includes at least one cutting element and wherein the at least one sensor measures a displacement of the at least one cutting element.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one selectively extendable cutting element includes a plurality of cutting elements configured to be actuated substantially simultaneously, and further comprising: a pump supplying fluid to move the at least one cutting element between an extended state and a retracted state.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the pump is energized by one of: (i) a pressurized fluid flowing in the drill string, and (ii) electrical power.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 , further comprising a conductor coupling the pump to a surface electrical power supply.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the hole enlargement device is positioned between the steering device and the drill bit.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a downhole processor configured to control a drilling parameter relating to the hole enlargement device.
11. A method for forming a wellbore in an earthen formation, comprising:
drilling the wellbore using a drill string having a drill bit;
steering the drill bit using a controllable steering device configured to receive instructions;
enlarging a diameter of the wellbore with a hole enlargement device conveyed on the drill string, the enlarged wellbore being substantially circular;
measuring a parameter of interest using a sensor positioned on the drill string uphole from at least one cutting element of the hole enlargement device;
controlling a difference in a torque and a weight between the hole enlargement device and the drill bit in response to the measured parameter of interest while enlarging the wellbore diameter, wherein the measured parameter of interest is at least one of (i) weight at the hole enlargement device, and (ii) torque at the hole enlargement device;
measuring a second parameter of interest using a sensor positioned proximate to the drill bit, the second parameter of interest relating to one of:
(i) weight at the drill bit; and
(ii) torque at the drill bit; and
controlling the hole enlargement device in response to the difference between the measured parameter of interest and the second parameter of interest.
12. The method according to claim 11 , further comprising controlling the hole enlargement device by estimating a difference between one of: (i) weight at the hole enlargement device and weight at the drill bit; and (ii) torque at the hole enlargement device and torque at the drill bit.
13. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising displaying on a display device a value of the difference estimated downhole.
14. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising adjusting an operating parameter of the hole enlargement device in response to the estimated difference.
15. The method according to claim 11 , further comprising estimating a parameter of interest relating to a formation intersected by the wellbore, wherein the drill string includes a bottomhole assembly and further comprising: adjusting an operating parameter of the bottomhole assembly in response to the measured parameter of interest relating to the formation.
16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the operating parameter is one of: (i) weight on the hole enlargement device, (ii) a rotational speed of the hole enlargement device; and (iii) flow rate.