System for continuous feeding of filler material for friction stir welding, processing and fabrication
The present invention relates to tools and methods for disposing, coating, repairing, or otherwise modifying the surface of a metal substrate using frictional heating and compressive/shear loading of a consumable metal against the substrate. Embodiments of the invention include friction-based fabrication tooling comprising a non-consumable member with a throat and a consumable member disposed in the throat, wherein consumable filler material is capable of being introduced to the throat in a continuous manner during deposition using frictional heating and compressive/shear loading of the filler material onto the substrate. Preferred embodiments according to the invention include such tools operably configured for applying a force or displacement to the filler material during deposition. Especially preferred embodiments can include using various powder-type consumable materials or combinations during the deposition process to obtain a continuous compositional gradient in the filler material yielding a functionally graded coating on the substrate.
1. A friction-based fabrication tool comprising:
a non-consumable body with a throat;
a screw-type auger disposed in the throat for continuously delivering solid coating material through the throat of the tool body;
wherein the friction-based fabrication tool is operably configured for rotating the non-consumable tool body at a desired first velocity and for rotating the screw-type auger at a desired second velocity;
wherein the non-consumable tool body comprises a surface for trapping coating material loaded on a substrate in a volume between the non-consumable tool body and the substrate and for forming and shearing a surface of a coating on the substrate with frictional heating and shear loading;
wherein the screw-type auger comprises threads and a shaft, and wherein the threads extend from the shaft a distance of less than a radius of the shaft; and
wherein the non-consumable body has no pin configured to rotate on an axis of rotation of the non-consumable body.
2. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the tool throat is a hollow cylinder.
3. The tool of claim 1 comprising a sleeve, which is a tubular member disposed within the throat and within which the screw-type auger is disposed.
4. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the non-consumable tool body is capable of translational movement relative to the substrate.
5. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the non-consumable tool body comprises a shoulder.
6. The tool of claim 5 , wherein the shoulder has a flat surface geometry.
7. The tool of claim 5 , wherein the shoulder has a geometry with structure for enhancing mechanical stirring of the loaded coating material.
8. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the friction-based fabrication tool is operably configured for rotating the screw-type auger and the non-consumable tool body in the same direction.
9. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the screw-type auger is operably configured for delivering coating material in powder form through the non-consumable tool body.
10. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the threads extend from the shaft a distance of less than half of a radius of the shaft.
11. A friction stir system comprising:
friction stir-based fabrication tooling comprising a non-consumable body with a throat; and
a screw-type auger disposed in the throat for delivering solid coating material through the throat of the tool body, wherein the screw-type auger has threads and a shaft and the threads extend from the shaft a distance of less than a radius of the shaft; and
a fluidized powder delivery system in operable communication therewith;
wherein the fluidized powder delivery system is operably configured for continuously delivering a coating material into and through the friction stir-based fabrication tooling and wherein the non-consumable body has no pin configured to rotate on an axis of rotation of the non-consumable body.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the friction stir-based fabrication tooling further comprises:
a shoulder for trapping and shearing a surface of coating material loaded on a substrate in a volume between the friction stir-based fabrication tooling and the substrate;
wherein the screw-type auger is disposed in the throat for continuously delivering powder-type coating material through the throat of the tool body; and
wherein the friction-based fabrication tool is operably configured for rotating the friction stir-based fabrication tooling at a desired first velocity and for rotating the screw-type auger at desired second velocity.
13. The system of claim 11 , operably configured for automatically dispensing varying amounts of filler material into the friction stir-based fabrication tooling in response to variations in thickness of a substrate being processed.
14. The system of claim 13 , comprising a thickness gauge for determining substrate thickness and a control system for varying the amounts of filler material dispensed in response to detection of a pressure above or below a set pressure threshold.
15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the friction stir-based fabrication tooling is capable of translating relative to a substrate in a desired CAD-driven configuration.
16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the threads extend from the shaft a distance of less than half of a radius of the shaft.
17. The tool of claim 11 , wherein the non-consumable body comprises a shoulder with a flat surface geometry.
18. The tool of claim 11 , wherein the non-consumable body comprises a shoulder with a geometry with structure for enhancing mechanical stirring of the loaded coating material.