Compositions and methods for modulating skin pigmentation
The present invention relates to compositions and methods useful in studying or modulating melanin pigmentation in the skin. Particularly, the invention relates to compositions comprising a substance capable of modulating the activity or expression of ALK6 (SEQ ID 2) or Cdc42 which in turn are capable of modulation of the transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes and potentially from keratinocytes to keratinocytes. The invention also relates to assays for identifying such compositions, and methods of modulating skin pigmentation.
1. A method of increasing melanin pigmentation of the skin of a subject, the method comprising topically administering to the subject, a composition substantially comprising BMP6 (SEQ ID NO:1), or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein said variant has at least 70% sequence identity with BMP6 (SEQ ID NO:1) and wherein said composition exhibits the ability to increase melanogenesis or melanin transfer by modulating the activity or expression of ALK6 or Cdc42.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition modulates the expression of Cdc42 through modulating the activity of ALK6.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a cosmetic method of cosmetic darkening of skin through modulating the level of melanin pigmentation of the skin.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is capable of increasing the activity of ALK6 relative to normal physiological levels.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising a fragment of precursor BMP6 selected from the group consisting of amino acids 374-513 of SEQ ID NO: 1, amino acids 382-513 of SEQ ID NO: 1, amino acids 388-513 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and amino acids 412-513 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
6. The method of claim 1 , the method comprising topically administering to a subject a composition substantially comprising amino acids 374-513 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a fragment or variant thereof, where said variant has at least 70% sequence identity with amino acids 374-513 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and wherein said fragment or variant exhibits the ability to increase melanogenesis or melanin transfer.
7. The method of claim 1 , the method comprising topically administering to a subject a composition substantially comprising amino acids 382-513 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a fragment or variant thereof, where said variant has at least 70% sequence identity with amino acids 382-513 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and wherein said fragment or variant exhibits the ability to increase melanogenesis or melanin transfer.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the composition modulates the expression of Cdc42 through modulating the activity of ALK6.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the method involves application of the composition to the outer surface of the skin of a subject.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the method is a cosmetic method of cosmetic darkening of skin through modulating the level of melanin pigmentation of the skin.
11. The method of claim 5 , wherein the composition is capable of increasing the activity of ALK6 relative to normal physiological levels.