Method and equipment for the evaporation of black liquor that is obtained from a digestion process during the production of cellulose pulp
The method and equipment are for the evaporation of hot black liquor obtained from a digestion process during the production of cellulose pulp. The black liquor is led to a multistage evaporation line with at least five evaporation stages. The black liquor that is to undergo evaporation in the evaporation line is cooled in at least one heat exchange process in a heat exchanger (HE 1 ) against the partially evaporated black liquor that has undergone evaporation in at least one stage (I). The black liquor that is to undergo evaporation is cooled and the partially evaporated black liquor is heated by at least 5-10° C. The risk for the formation of foam and the separation of methanol are reduced. The greater part of the evaporation takes place at low temperature and at the lowest level of dry matter content in the liquor, which also suppresses encrustation in the stage.
1. A method to evaporate hot black liquor, comprising:
providing a multistage evaporation line having at least two evaporation stages,
obtaining hot black liquor from a digestion process during a production of cellulose pulp,
conveying the hot black liquor to a heat exchanger,
cooling the hot black liquor to form a cooled black liquor by exchanging heat in the heat exchanger with a partially evaporated black liquor from a first evaporation stage, and
the cooling of the hot black liquor in the heat exchanger reducing foam formation during subsequent evaporation by cooling the hot black liquor,
conveying the cooled black liquor from the heat exchanger to the first evaporation stage,
evaporating the cooled black liquor in the first evaporation stage to produce the partially evaporated black liquor,
conveying the partially evaporated black liquor from the first evaporation stage to the heat exchanger, and
conveying the partially evaporated black liquor from the heat exchanger to a second evaporation stage.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hot black liquor is cooled at least twice in heat exchange with the partially evaporated black liquor that has undergone at least partial evaporation in a first and in a second evaporation stage in the multistage evaporation line.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the hot black liquor is cooled at least three times in heat exchange with the partially evaporated black liquor that has undergone at least partial evaporation in a first, in a second, and in a third evaporation stage.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the partially evaporated black liquor that is used for the heat exchange against the hot black liquor is obtained from the first, the second and a third evaporation stage wherein the partially evaporated black liquor experiences an increase in a level of dry matter content from the first to the second evaporation stage and a further increase in the level of dry matter content from the second to the third evaporation stage.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the partially evaporated black liquor that is used for the heat exchange against the hot black liquor is withdrawn from an internal circulation in an evaporation stage.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the partially evaporated black liquor that is used for the heat exchange against the hot black liquor is withdrawn from a transport circulation between two evaporation stages.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the hot black liquor obtained from the digestion process undergoes at least one cooling stage before undergoing the heat exchange with the partially evaporated black liquor that has undergone at least partial evaporation in an evaporation stage in the multistage evaporation line.
8. The method according to claim 2 wherein the hot black liquor is cooled by at least 5° C. in each heat exchange operation with the partially evaporated black liquor, and the partially evaporated black liquor is heated by at least 5° C. in each heat exchange operation with the hot black liquor.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the heat exchange takes place through indirect heat exchange in a heat exchanger.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein a total of (n) evaporation stages are present in the multistage evaporation line, arranged in a strict countercurrent flow connection, steam that is used for the evaporation is led from evaporation stage (n) to evaporation stage (n−1) down to evaporation stage 1, and the hot black liquor that is to undergo evaporation is led in a countercurrent flow to a flow of steam from evaporation stage 1 to evaporation stage 2 and up to evaporation stage (n).