Activated base metal catalysts
Nitro-compounds are hydrogenated with an activated Ni catalyst that is doped during and/or after activation with one or more elements from the list of Mg, Ca, Ba, Ti, Zr, Ce, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Co, Ir, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Rh, Ru and Bi whereas the Ni/Al alloy may not, but preferentially can contain prior to activation one or more doping elements from the list of Ti, Ce, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt and Bi. If the Ni/Al alloy contained one or more of the above mentioned suitable alloy doping elements prior to activation, the resulting catalyst can then be doped with one or more of the elements from the list of Mg, Ca, Ba, Ti, Zr, Ce, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au and Bi by their adsorption onto the surface of the catalyst.
1. An activated powder catalyst comprising:
a) a Ni/Al alloy comprising one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Pd and Pt, said doping elements having been added before activation, and wherein said activated powder catalyst comprises 0.01 wt % to 5 wt % of each doping element; and
b) Cu or Mo adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Cu or Mo having been adsorbed after activation, and wherein said activated powder catalyst comprises 0.01 wt % to 5 wt % of said Cu or Mo;
wherein said activated powder catalyst comprises 0.05 wt % to 10 wt % Al.
2. The activated powder catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy comprises one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mo or Fe, said doping elements having been added before activation, and Cu is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Cu having been adsorbed after activation.
3. The activated powder catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy comprises one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of: Mo, Cr or Fe, said doping elements having been added before activation and Mo is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Mo having been adsorbed after activation.
4. The activated powder catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said Ni/Al alloy comprises the doping elements Cr and Fe, said doping elements having been added before activation and Cu or Mo are adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Cu or Mo having been adsorbed after activation.
5. A method for the hydrogenation of a nitro-compound, comprising reacting said nitro compound with hydrogen in the presence of the activated powder catalyst of claim 1 .
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said nitro-compound is a nitrated aromatic.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein said hydrogenation of said nitro-compound is carried out continuously.
8. The activated powder catalyst of claim 1 , wherein Mo is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Mo having been adsorbed after activation.
9. The activated powder catalyst of claim 1 , wherein Cu is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Cu having been adsorbed after activation.
10. The activated powder catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said activated powder catalyst comprises 0.01 to 1.9 wt % of Fe.
11. The activated powder catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said activated powder catalyst comprises 0.01 to 2.4 wt % Cr.
12. The activated powder catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said activated powder catalyst comprises 0.01 to 1.9 wt % of Fe and 0.01 to 2.4 wt. % Cr.
13. The method of claim 5 , wherein the Ni/Al alloy in said activated powder catalyst comprises one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, or Fe, said doping elements having been added before activation, and Cu is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Cu having been adsorbed after activation.
14. The method of claim 5 , wherein the Ni/Al alloy in said activated powder catalyst comprises one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, or Fe, said doping elements having been added before activation, and Mo is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Mo having been adsorbed after activation.
15. The method of claim 5 , wherein the Ni/Al alloy in said activated powder catalyst comprises the doping elements Cr and Fe, said doping elements having been added before activation, and Cu or Mo is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Cu or Mo having been adsorbed after activation.
16. The method of claim 5 , wherein Mo is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Mo having been adsorbed after activation.
17. The method of claim 5 , wherein Cu is adsorbed on the surface of the activated powder catalyst, said Cu having been adsorbed after activation.
18. The method of claim 5 , wherein said activated powder catalyst comprises 0.01 to 1.9 wt % Fe.
19. The method of claim 5 , wherein said activated powder catalyst comprises 0.01 to 2.4 wt % Cr.
20. The method of claim 5 , wherein said activated powder catalyst contains 0.01 to 1.9 wt % Fe and between 0.01 and 2.4 wt % Cr.