Apparatus and methods for the recovery of hydrocarbonaceous and additional products from oil shale and oil sands
Hydrocarbonaceous and additional products are recovered from nonrubilized oil shale and oil/tar sands. A hole is formed in a body of oil shale or oil sand. A heater is positioned into the hole generating a temperature sufficient to convert kerogen in oil shale or bitumen in oil sand to hydrocarbonaceous products, these products are extracted from the hole as effluent gas. One or more initial condensation steps are performed to recover crude-oil products from the effluent gas, followed by one or more subsequent condensation steps to recover additional, non-crude-oil products. The subsequent condensation steps may be carried out in at least one cooled chamber having a sequence of critical orifices maintained at a negative pressure. Carbon sequestration steps may be performed wherein recovered carbon dioxide is delivered down the hole following the recovery of the hydrocarbonaceous products. Various physical parameters may be adjusted to vary the recovery of crude oil or other products or contaminants from the effluent gas.
1. A method of recovering hydrocarbonaceous and other products from nonrubilized oil shale and oil/tar sands, comprising the steps of:
forming a hole in a body of nonrubilized oil shale or sand;
positioning a heater into the hole generating a temperature sufficient to convert kerogen in oil shale or bitumen in oil sand to hydrocarbonaceous products;
withdrawing the hydrocarbonaceous products as effluent gas through the hole;
performing first and second initial condensation steps to separately recover and store heavy and sweet crude oil products from the effluent gas; and
performing one or more subsequent condensation steps to recover additional products from the effluent gas.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of performing one or more subsequent condensation steps includes the recovery of one or more of the following additional products:
ethane,
propane,
butane,
carbon dioxide,
methane,
nitrogen, and
hydrogen.
3. The method of claim 1 , including the steps of:
providing a combustion heater; and
using at least one of the additional products as a fuel for the combustion heater.
4. The method of claim 1 , including the step of controlling the environment within the hole so that it is oxygen-deprived.
5. The method of claim 1 , including the step of controlling the environment within the hole so that it contains approximately 1% oxygen or less.
6. The method of claim 1 , further including the step of maintaining the effluent gas under negative pressure relative to the well inlet pressure from the hole and through the initial and subsequent condensation steps.
7. The method of claim 1 , including the steps of:
performing the subsequent condensation steps in at least one cooled chamber having an input and an output; and
providing a compressor system at the output of the cooled chamber to maintain the effluent gas at a negative pressure relative to the well inlet pressure from the hole and through the initial and subsequent condensation steps.
8. The method of claim 1 , including the step of performing the subsequent condensation steps in at least one cooled chamber having an input, an output, and a plurality of critical orifices sized to recover the other products.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
one of the other products is liquid carbon dioxide; and
the subsequent condensation steps are performed in a chamber cooled with the liquid carbon dioxide.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
one of the other products is liquid carbon dioxide; and
the subsequent condensation steps are performed in a chamber cooled with the liquid carbon dioxide and including critical orifices sized with compressor loops to recover the other products.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein, in oil shale, the step of withdrawing the processing gas and hydrocarbonaceous products as effluent gas through the hole is sufficient to withdraw at least a portion of the hydrocarbonaceous products from the shale through the Venturi effect.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of the other products is carbon dioxide, the method further including a carbon sequestration step wherein the carbon dioxide is delivered down the hole following the recovery of the hydrocarbonaceous products.
13. The method of claim 1 , further including the steps of:
forming a plurality of holes, each with a gas inlet to receive a heated and pressurized processing gas;
withdrawing the processing gas and hydrocarbonaceous products as effluent gas through each hole; and
performing a plurality of condensation steps to recover crude oil products and additional products from the effluent gas from a plurality of the holes.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of the other products is carbon dioxide, the method further including carbon sequestration steps comprising:
forming a plurality of holes, each with a gas inlet to receive a heated and pressurized processing gas, the holes being arranged as a central hole and a plurality of surrounding holes;
withdrawing the processing gas and hydrocarbonaceous products as effluent gas through each hole;
performing a plurality of condensation steps to recover crude oil products and additional products from the effluent gas from a plurality of the holes; and
introducing the carbon dioxide down the hole following the recovery of the hydrocarbonaceous products until the carbon dioxide is detected at one or more of the surrounding holes.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crude oil is obtained as a ratio of heavy crude to lighter crudes, the method further including the step of increasing the reflux time of the heavy crude with respect to the initial condensation step to reduce the ratio.
16. The method of claim 1 , including the step of adjusting one or more of the following parameters to vary the recovery of crude oil, other products or contaminants from the effluent gas:
the temperature of the heater,
the pressure or flow rate of the effluent gas into the hole,
the residency time of the gas in the hole,
the reflux time of the crude oil with respect to the initial condensation step.
17. The method of claim 1 , including the step of providing an apertured sleeve within the hole to extract hydrocarbonaceous products from oil/tar sands.
18. A system for recovering hydrocarbonaceous and other products from a hole drilled in nonrubilized oil shale and oil/tar sands, the system comprising:
a heater disposed within the hole generating a temperature sufficient to convert kerogen in oil shale or bitumen in oil sand into hydrocarbonaceous products;
a gas outlet conduit for withdrawing the processing gas and hydrocarbonaceous products from the hole;
an initial condenser system for separately recovering heavy and sweet crude oil products from the effluent gas; and
a subsequent condenser system for recovering additional products from the effluent gas.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the subsequent condenser system is operative to recover of one or more of the following additional products:
ethane,
propane,
butane,
carbon dioxide,
methane,
nitrogen, and
hydrogen.
20. The system of claim 18 , wherein:
the heater is a combustion heater; and
one or more of the additional products are used to fuel the heater.
21. The system of claim 18 , further including a compressor for maintaining the effluent gas under a negative pressure relative to the well inlet pressure from the hole and through the condenser systems.
22. The system of claim 18 , wherein the subsequent condenser system includes:
a cooled chamber; and
a plurality of conduit loops within the chamber, each followed by a critical orifice, each loop and following critical orifice being physically configured to condense a different one of the additional products.
23. The system of claim 18 , wherein the subsequent condenser system includes:
a cooled chamber;
a plurality of conduit loops within the chamber, each followed by a critical orifice, each loop and following critical orifice being physically configured to condense a different one of the additional products; and
wherein one of the additional products is liquefied carbon dioxide which is used to cool the chamber.
24. The system of claim 18 , further including:
a plurality of heaters, each situated in a separately drilled hole;
a plurality of gas outlet conduits, each withdrawing the processing gas and hydrocarbonaceous products as effluent gas through a respective one of the holes; and
wherein the condenser systems are fed by a plurality of the gas outlet conduits.
25. The system of claim 18 , wherein the initial condenser system includes a reflux chamber to reduce the ratio of heavy crude to lighter crudes.
26. The system of claim 18 , wherein the gas outlet conduit is in gaseous communication with an apertured sleeve disposed within the hole to extract hydrocarbonaceous products from oil/tar sands.