Methods and devices to reduce the likelihood of injury from concussive or blast forces
A method and device for reducing the damaging effects of radiant energy, blast, or concussive events includes applying pressure to at least one jugular vein to reduce the egress of blood from the cranial cavity during or before the incidence of the imparting event. Reducing blood outflow from the cranial cavity increases intracranial volume and/or pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid to reduce the risk of traumatic brain injury and injuries to the spinal column. Reducing blood outflow further increases the intracranial pressure and volume, and thereby increases the pressure and volume of the cochlear fluid, the vitreous humor and the cerebrospinal fluid to thereby reduce the risk of injury to the inner ear, internal structure of the eye and of the spinal column. In addition, increasing intracranial pressure and volume reduces the likelihood of brain injury and any associated loss of olfactory function.
1. A system for applying pressure to two or more neck veins of a subject comprising a pair of devices attached to each other by a removable tether sized to facilitate appropriate spacing and alignment during application of the devices to the neck of a subject, wherein each of the devices comprises
a flexible material comprising an adhesive and sized to contact less than half of the circumference of the neck of a subject; and
one or more inwardly directed protuberances contacting an inner surface of said flexible material;
wherein the flexible material is sized such that said inner surface of said flexible material extends beyond said one or more protuberances, and said protuberances are adapted to restrict blood flow egressing from the head of the subject when placed on the neck above a neck vein of the subject, when the tether is not present.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said flexible material is an elastic material.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein said flexible material is an inelastic material.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said protuberances are defined by the outward bend point of a resilient arcuate band having a general C, V, or U-shape.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein said neck veins includes the internal jugular vein or the external jugular vein.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of said devices is adapted to-exert a pressure on said one or more neck veins equivalent to a fluid pressure within the range of 5 mmHg to about 70 mmHg.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of said protuberances is adapted to exert a pressure on said neck veins equivalent to a fluid pressure within the range of 1 mmHg to about 70 mmHg.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein said fluid pressure is within the range of 5 mmHg to about 25 mmHg.
9. A system for applying pressure to the internal or external jugular veins of a subject comprising a pair of devices attached to each other by a removable tether sized to facilitate appropriate spacing and alignment during application of the devices to the neck of a subject, wherein each of the devices comprises
an adhesive;
a resilient arcuate band having a general C, V, or U-shape sized to contact less than half of the circumference of the neck of a subject; and
one or more inwardly directed protuberances, wherein said resilient arcuate band is configured to apply pressure to said one or more protuberances to restrict blood flow egressing from the head of the subject when applied to the neck of a subject, when the tether is not present.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein each of said devices is adapted to exert a pressure on said internal or external jugular veins equivalent to a fluid pressure within the range of 5 mmHg to about 70 mmHg.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein each of said protuberances are adapted to exert a pressure on said internal or external jugular veins equivalent to a fluid pressure within the range of 1 mmHg to about 70 mmHg.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein said fluid pressure is within the range of 5 mmHg to about 25 mmHg.