Methods of enhancing adjuvaticity of vaccine compositions
The immunogenicity of vaccines is enhanced by co-administering a synthetic glycolipid, designated PBS-57, with the vaccine. PBS-57 has the ability to stimulate both a cell-mediated and humoral immune response. Co-administration of PBS-57 with a vaccine may be used in methods to stimulate one or more of a humoral immune response, a CD4+ T cell response, and a CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response.
1. A method of enhancing the immunogenicity of a vaccine in a subject comprising co-administering, simultaneously or sequentially, PBS-57 and the vaccine to the subject, wherein PBS-57 is
and the immunogenicity is enhanced relative to a control sample from a subject administered only the vaccine.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunogenicity is enhanced at least 50% relative to the control sample.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunogenicity is enhanced at least 75% relative to the control sample.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunogenicity is enhanced at least 100% relative to the control sample.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunogenicity is enhanced at least 150% relative to the control sample.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine is administered intramuscularly.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine is administered subcutaneously.
8. A method of stimulating a humoral immune response to an antigen in a subject comprising co-administering PBS-57 and a vaccine to the subject, wherein PBS-57 is
and the vaccine includes the antigen.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the humoral immune response comprises production of IgG antibodies.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the humoral immune response comprises production of IgA antibodies.
11. A method of activating CD4+ T lymphocytes in a subject comprising co-administering PBS-57 and a vaccine to the subject, wherein PBS-57 is
and the vaccine comprises an antigen.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein activation of the CD4+ T lymphocytes comprises an increase in a Th1 immune response.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein activation of the CD4+ T lymphocytes comprises an increase in a Th2 immune response.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein activation of the CD4+ T lymphocytes comprises an increase in a Th1 and Th2 immune response.
15. A method of activating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a subject comprising co-administering PBS-57 and a vaccine to the subject, wherein PBS-57 is
and the vaccine comprises an antigen.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the vaccine is administered intramuscularly.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the vaccine is administered subcutaneously.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine is administered intravenously, intradermally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, orally, transdermally, intranasally, interperitoneally, transmucosally or rectally.
19. The method of claim 8 , wherein the vaccine is administered intravenously, intradermally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, orally, transdermally, intranasally, interperitoneally, transmucosally or rectally.
20. The method of claim 8 , wherein the humoral immune response comprises production of IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies and/or IgM antibodies.
21. The method of claim 11 , wherein the vaccine is administered intravenously, intradermally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, orally, transdermally, intranasally, interperitoneally, transmucosally or rectally.