Foaming agent for subterranean formations treatment, and methods of use thereof
A wellbore treatment fluid is formed from an aqueous medium, a gas component, a viscosifying agent, and a surfactant. The surfactant is represented by the chemical formula: [R—(OCH 2 CH 2 ) m —O q —YO n ] p X wherein R is a linear alkyl, branched alkyl, alkyl cycloaliphatic, or alkyl aryl group; O is an oxygen atom; Y is either a sulfur or phosphorus atom; m is 1 or more; n is a integer ranging from 1 to 3; p is a integer ranging from 1 to 4; q is a integer ranging from 0 to 1; and X is a cation. The fluid may be used in treating a subterranean formation penetrating by a wellbore by introducing the fluid into the wellbore. The fluid may be used in fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore by introducing the fluid into the formation at a pressure equal to or greater than the fracture initiation pressure.
1. A wellbore treatment fluid comprising an aqueous medium, a gas component, a viscosifying agent, an alcohol, and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is represented by the chemical formula:
[R—(OCH 2 CH 2 ) m —O q —YO n ] p X
wherein R is a linear alkyl, branched alkyl, alkyl cycloaliphatic, or alkyl aryl group; O is an oxygen atom; Y is either a sulfur or phosphorus atom; m is 1 or more; n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3; p is an integer ranging from 1 to 4; q is an integer ranging from 0 to 1; and X is a cation, wherein said gas component forms an energized fluid or foam in said aqueous medium.
2. The fluid of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol.
3. The fluid of claim 1 , wherein R is a linear alkyl, branched alkyl, alkyl cycloaliphatic, or alkyl aryl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
4. The fluid of claim 1 , wherein m is an integer ranging from 1 to about 6.
5. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises sodium tridecyl ether sulfate, as represented by the following structure:
C 13 H 27 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) m —O—SO 3 − Na +
wherein m ranges from 1 to about 6.
6. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is comprised of a mixture of sodium dodecyl ether sulfate and sodium tetradecyl ether sulfate, as represented by the following structures:
C 12 H 25 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) m —O—SO 3 − Na +
C 14 H 29 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) m —O—SO 3 − Na +
wherein m ranges from 1 to about 6.
7. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the viscosifying agent is selected from guar or a guar derivative, hydroxypropylguar, carboxymethyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, cationic guar or hydrophobically modified guar or a combination of these.
8. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the viscosifying agent is diutan gum having a tetrasaccharide repeating unit in the polymer backbone as represented by the chemical formula:
wherein M + is an ionic species, and wherein the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is from about 10 5 to about 10 7 .
9. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the viscosifying agent is selected from the group consisting of natural polymers, derivatives of natural polymers, synthetic polymers, associative polymers, and biopolymers.
10. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is incorporated in an amount of from about 0.02 wt % to about 5 wt % of total liquid phase weight.
11. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid further comprises an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of organic acids, organic acid salts, inorganic salts, and combinations of one or more organic acids or organic acid salts with one or more inorganic salts, and the electrolyte is incorporated in an amount of from about 0.01 wt % to about 12.0 wt % of the total liquid phase weight.
12. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the gas component comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air and any mixtures thereof.
13. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein said gas component comprises from about 10% to about 90% of total fluid volume percent.
14. The fluid according to claim 1 , further comprising a proppant.
15. The fluid according to claim 14 , wherein the proppant is selected from the group consisting of sand, nut shells, sintered bauxite, glass beads, ceramic materials, resin coated proppant, naturally occurring materials, or any mixtures thereof.
16. The fluid according to claim 1 , further comprising a crosslinker containing a metal ion selected from the group consisting of chromium, iron, boron, titanium, and zirconium.
17. The fluid according to claim 1 , further comprising a breaker.
18. The fluid according to claim 1 , further comprising a temperature stabilizer.
19. The fluid according to claim 1 , further comprising an organoamino compound selected from the group consisting of tetraethylenepentamine, triethylenetetramine, pentaethylenehexamine, triethanolamine, and any mixtures thereof, and the organoamino compound is incorporated in an amount from about 0.01 wt % to about 2.0 wt % based on total liquid phase weight.
20. The fluid according to claim 1 , further comprising a fiber component.