Electric heater for integration into an aircraft acoustic panel
An electric heater ( 40 ) for integration into an acoustic panel ( 20 ) having sound-penetrating pores ( 30 ) communicating with a sound-canceling medium. The heater ( 40 ) includes an electrically conductive layer ( 53 ) with resistance-setting apertures ( 63 ) filled with sealant ( 73 ). Openings ( 83 ), which contribute to the sound-penetrating pores ( 30 ), extend through the sealant-filled apertures ( 63 ). The acoustic panel ( 20 ) can be assimilated into an aircraft component, such as a nacelle inlet lip, which requires both noise-reducing and ice-protecting features.
1. An electric heater for integration into an acoustic panel having sound-penetrating pores; said electric heater comprising:
an electrically conductive layer,
resistance-setting apertures extending through the conductive layer,
sealant filling at least some of the resistance-setting apertures, and
sound-penetrating openings extending through at least some of the sealant-filled apertures;
wherein sealant laterally surrounds each sound-conveying opening.
2. An electric heater as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the sealant-filled apertures have just one sound-conveying opening extending therethrough.
3. An electric heater as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the sealant-filled apertures have a plurality of sound-conveying opening extending therethrough.
4. An electric heater as set forth in claim 1 , comprising:
a breezeside insulative layer located breezeside of the conductive layer, and
sound-penetrating openings extending through the breezeside insulative layer.
5. An electric heater as set forth in claim 4 , comprising:
apertures in the breezeside insulative layer which are aligned with the resistance-setting apertures in the conductive layer, and
sealant in the apertures which are aligned with the sealant-filled apertures of the conductive layer;
wherein the sound-penetrating openings in the breezeside insulative layer extend through its sealant-filled apertures.
6. An electric heater as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the sealant in the apertures of the breezeside insulative layer laterally surrounds each of its sound-penetrating openings.
7. An electric heater as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the apertures in the breezeside insulative layer have lateral dimensions which are substantially the same as those of the aligned apertures in the conductive layer.
8. An electric heater as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the sealant in the breezeside insulative layer laterally surrounds only some of its sound-penetrating openings.
9. An electric heater as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the apertures in the breezeside insulative layer have lateral dimensions which are less than those of the aligned apertures in the conductive layer.
10. An electric heater as set forth in claim 9 , wherein the breezeside insulative layer has a shelf on each of its aperture-defining interior edges, each shelf canopying a rim of the aligned aperture in the conductive layer.
11. An electric heater as set forth in claim 1 , comprising:
a backside insulative layer located backside of the conducting layer, and
sound-penetrating openings extending through the breezeside insulative layer.
12. An electric heater as set forth in claim 11 , comprising:
apertures in the backside insulative layer aligned with the resistance-setting apertures in the conductive layer, and
sealant in the apertures of the backside insulative layer which are aligned with the sealant-filled apertures of the conductive layer;
wherein the sound-penetrating openings in the backside insulative layer extend through its sealant-filled apertures.
13. An electric heater as set forth in claim 1 , comprising:
a breezeside insulative layer located breezeside of the conductive layer, a backside insulative layer located backside of the conductive layer, apertures extending through the insulative layers and aligned with the resistance-setting apertures in the conductive layer, sealant filling the apertures in the insulative layers and aligned with the sealant in the conductive layer,
sound-penetrating openings, which contribute to the sound-conveying pores, extending through the sealant-filled apertures of the insulative layers.
14. An electric heater as set forth in claim 13 , wherein the sealants in the insulative layers are formed in one piece with the aligned sealants in the conductive layer.
15. A method of making the electric heater set forth in claim 1 , comprising the steps of:
filling the aperture in the conductive layer with the sealant; and
creating at least one sound-penetrating opening in the sealant-filled aperture.
16. A method as set forth in claim 15 , wherein said aperture-filling step comprises introducing a supplemental sealant material.
17. A method as set forth in claim 15 , wherein said aperture-filling step comprises material flowing from other heater layers into aperture in the conductive layer.
18. An acoustic panel having sound-penetrating pores reaching in the breezeside-backside direction, said panel comprising:
an electric heater as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the sound-penetrating openings in the conductive layer contribute to the sound-penetrating pores;
a breezeside sheet located breezeside of the heater and having sound-penetrating openings extending therethrough, wherein at least some of these sound-penetrating openings are aligned with the sound-penetrating openings in the conductive layer of the heater and contribute to the sound-penetrating pores; and
a sound-canceling medium located backside of the heater.
19. An acoustic panel as set forth in claim 18 , wherein the breezeside sheet has just one sound-penetrating opening aligned with each sound-penetrating opening in the conductive layer of the heater.
20. An acoustic panel as set forth in claim 18 , wherein the breezeside sheet has a plurality of sound-penetrating openings aligned with each sound-penetrating opening in the conductive layer of the heater.