Electrodes for use in bacterial fuel cells and bacterial electrolysis cells and bacterial fuel cells and bacterial electrolysis cells employing such electrodes

1. A bacterial fuel cell comprising:

a plurality of anodes and a plurality of cathodes in liquid communication the entirety of the surface of with a liquid to be purified, said plurality of anodes and said plurality of cathodes each comprising:

a metal electrical conductor arranged to be electrically coupled across a load in an electrical circuit; and

an electrically conductive coating on the entirety of the surface of said metal electrical conductor, said electrically conductive coating being operative to mutually seal said liquid and said electrical conductor from each other;

wherein said metal electrical conductor is formed of copper or a copper alloy or aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

2. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 1 and also comprising at least one surface adapted for biofilm growth on a surface thereof which is in liquid communication with said liquid to be purified and is in electrical communication with said metal electrical conductor via said electrically conductive coating.

3. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 2 and wherein said at least one surface adapted for biofilm growth is defined by a fabric overlying a surface of said electrically conductive coating.

4. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 1 and wherein said plurality of cathodes each also comprises an oxygen permeable, liquid-impermeable layer adjacent said electrically conductive coating and wherein said oxygen permeable, liquid-impermeable layer is exposed to an oxygen containing gas.

5. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 4 and wherein said oxygen permeable, liquid-impermeable layer comprises an electrically conductive sheet.

6. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 4 and wherein said oxygen permeable, liquid-impermeable layer is formed of silicone rubber.

7. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 1 and wherein said metal electrical conductor is in the form of a wire grid, a perforated planar element or a generally parallel array of wires.

8. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 1 and wherein at least one of said plurality of cathodes comprises an attachment layer.

9. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 8 and wherein said attachment layer is formed of a plastic fabric.

10. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 1 wherein:

apertures are formed in said plurality of anodes and cathodes;

said fuel cell also comprises:

conduits defined between adjacent ones of said plurality of cathodes; and

volumes defined between adjacent ones of said plurality of cathodes and said plurality of anodes providing communication of said liquid to be purified with said plurality of anodes and said plurality of cathodes;

said apertures provide communication of said liquid to be purified between said conduits and said volumes; and

said plurality of anodes and cathodes are sealed together.

11. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 2 and wherein:

said metal electrical conductor is twisted to retain a multiplicity of elongate elements in bunches along an elongate extent thereof; and

said elongate elements are non-metallic electrical conductors having an electrical conductivity less than an electrical conductivity of said metal electrical conductor.

12. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 1 and wherein said electrically conductive coating is formed of a conductive plastic.

13. A bacterial fuel cell according to claim 1 and wherein at least two of said cathodes are arranged adjacent each other and are separated from each other by a gap filled with an oxygen-containing gas.