Formaldehyde-free protein-containing binders for spunbond products
One-part binder compositions are described that may include a protein and a crosslinking combination. The crosslinking combination may include at least a first crosslinking compound and a second crosslinking compound. The first and second crosslinking compounds are individually crosslinkable with each other and with the protein. Examples of the protein include soy protein. Fiber products and methods of making the fiber products are also described. The fiber products may include organic fibers, inorganic fibers, or both, in a cured thermoset binder based on solutions of the one-part binder compositions.
1. A spunbond product comprising:
a cured thermoset binder made from a binder composition comprising an aqueous mixture of:
a soy protein; and
an aqueous solution comprising a first crosslinking compound comprising a solution polymer compound of styrene and maleic anhydride and a second crosslinking compound comprising a crosslinking agent, wherein the first and second crosslinking compounds are individually crosslinkable with each other and with the soy protein, and wherein the aqueous solution does not include an emulsion of the first crosslinking compound or the second crosslinking compound.
2. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the soy protein comprises soy flour, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate, or soy polymer.
3. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the soy protein comprises defatted soy flour.
4. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the solution polymer comprises a polyamic acid formed by the reaction between aqueous ammonia and a copolymer of the styrene and maleic anhydride.
5. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the second crosslinking compound comprises a polyol, an alkanol amine, a polycarboxylic acid, or a polyamine.
6. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the second crosslinking compound comprises triethanolamine.
7. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the first crosslinking compound comprises a polyamic acid formed by the reaction between aqueous ammonia and a copolymer of the styrene and maleic anhydride, and the second crosslinking compound comprises triethanolamine.
8. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the soy protein to the first and second crosslinking compounds is at least about 1 to 1 by weight.
9. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the soy protein comprises about 50 wt. % or more of the binder composition.
10. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the spunbond product comprises a web of polyester fibers.
11. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the spunbond product comprises a spunbond mat.
12. The spunbond product of claim 1 , wherein the spunbond product comprises a reinforcing mat for roofing.
13. A spunbond product comprising:
a cured thermoset binder made from a binder composition comprising an aqueous mixture of:
a soy protein; and
an aqueous solution comprising a first crosslinking compound and a second crosslinking compound, wherein the first crosslinking compound comprises a polyamic acid formed by the reaction between aqueous ammonia and a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride, and wherein the first and second crosslinking compounds are individually crosslinkable with each other and with the soy protein, and wherein the aqueous solution does not include an emulsion of the first crosslinking compound or the second crosslinking compound.
14. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the soy protein comprises soy flour, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate, or soy polymer.
15. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the soy protein comprises defatted soy flour.
16. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the second crosslinking compound comprises a polyol, an alkanol amine, a polycarboxylic acid, or a polyamine.
17. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the second crosslinking compound comprises triethanolamine.
18. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the ratio of the soy protein to the crosslinking combination is at least about 1 to 1 by weight.
19. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the soy protein comprises about 50 wt. % or more of the binder composition.
20. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the spunbond product comprises a web of polyester fibers.
21. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the spunbond product comprises a spunbond mat.
22. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the spunbond product comprises a reinforcing mat for roofing.
23. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein the first crosslinking compound comprises a solution polymer compound.
24. The spunbond product of claim 13 , wherein neither the first nor the second crosslinking compounds comprise an emulsion polymer compound.