Sterilization indicator including a simplified genetically engineered biological indicator
A sterilization indicator, including a first compartment containing a genetically engineered biological indicator, and a second compartment containing an enzyme substrate, the second compartment adapted to maintain the enzyme substrate separate from the biological indicator during sterilization, and to permit the enzyme substrate to contact the biological indicator after the biological indicator has been exposed to the sterilization medium; in which the genetically engineered biological indicator comprises at least one test organism and at least one reporter gene suitable for producing an indicator enzyme, the reporter gene being taken up by the test organism; and the test organism is free of any active or activatable repressor gene that would inhibit expression of the reporter gene if present in the test organism or sterilization indicator, and the indicator enzyme and the enzyme substrate are selected such that enzymatic action of the indicator enzyme upon the enzyme substrate yields a detectable signal.
1. A sterilization indicator, comprising:
a first compartment containing a genetically engineered biological indicator, the first compartment being adapted to permit the biological indicator to be brought into contact with a sterilization medium during sterilization; and
a second compartment containing at least one enzyme substrate, the second compartment being adapted to maintain the enzyme substrate separate from the biological indicator during sterilization, and the second compartment being adapted to permit the enzyme substrate to contact the biological indicator after the biological indicator has been exposed to the sterilization medium;
wherein the genetically engineered biological indicator comprises at least one test organism and at least one reporter gene suitable for producing an indicator enzyme, the reporter gene being taken up by the test organism;
wherein the test organism in the sterilization indicator is free of any active or activatable repressor gene that would inhibit expression of the reporter gene if present in the test organism or sterilization indicator, and
wherein the indicator enzyme and the enzyme substrate are selected such that enzymatic action of the indicator enzyme upon the enzyme substrate yields a detectable signal.
2. The sterilization indicator of claim 1 wherein the reporter gene is taken up by the test organism using at least one plasmid and/or at least one virus.
3. The sterilization indicator of claim 1 or 2 wherein the test organism comprises spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus and/or Bacillus atrophaeus.
4. The sterilization indicator of claim 1 wherein the reporter gene comprises lacZ, bgaB, xylE, cat, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
5. The sterilization indicator of claim 1 wherein the indicator enzyme comprises beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, butyrate esterase, caprylate esterase lipase, chloroamphenicol acetytransferase, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, myristate lipase, leucine aminopeptidase, valine aminopeptidase, chymotrypsin, phosphohydrolase, alpha-D-galactosidase, alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-D-cellobiosidase, alanine aminopeptidase, proline aminopeptidase, tyrosine aminopeptidase, phenylalanine aminopeptidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, fatty acid esterase, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
6. The sterilization indicator of claim 1 wherein the reporter gene comprises lacZ or bgaB and the indicator enzyme comprises beta-D-galactosidase.
7. The sterilization indicator of claim 2 wherein the plasmid comprises a reporter gene and is free of any repressor gene.
8. The sterilization indicator of claim 2 wherein the virus comprises at least one gene transporter that comprises nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid, the gene transporter comprising a reporter gene and being free of any repressor gene.
9. The sterilization indicator of claim 8 wherein the virus comprises at least one bacteriophage.
10. The sterilization indicator of claim 8 wherein the virus comprises lambda or M13 bacteriophage.
11. A sterilization process, comprising:
exposing an article to be sterilized and the sterilization indicator of claim 1 to a sterilization medium;
combining contents of the first compartment and the second compartment;
incubating the combined contents of the first compartment and the second compartment; and
determining efficacy of the sterilization process by detecting the presence or absence of the detectable signal following the incubating.
12. The sterilization process of claim 11 wherein the sterilization medium comprises steam, dry heat, radiation, plasma, one or more gaseous sterilants and/or one or more liquid sterilants.
13. The sterilization process of claim 11 wherein the sterilization medium comprises electron beam radiation, electromagnetic radiation, gamma radiation, beta radiation, ethylene oxide, gaseous hydrogen peroxide, liquid hydrogen peroxide, formalin, glutaraldehyde, and/or peracetic acid.
14. A sterilization indicator, comprising:
a first compartment containing a genetically engineered biological indicator, the first compartment being adapted to permit the biological indicator to be brought into contact with a sterilization medium during sterilization; and
a second compartment containing at least one enzyme substrate, the second compartment being adapted to maintain the enzyme substrate separate from the biological indicator during sterilization, and the second compartment being adapted to permit the enzyme substrate to contact the biological indicator after the biological indicator has been exposed to the sterilization medium;
wherein the genetically engineered biological indicator comprises spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus and/or Bacillus atrophaeus and at least one reporter gene selected from lacZ, bgaB, xylE and cat for producing an indicator enzyme, the reporter gene being taken up by the spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus and/or Bacillus atrophaeus;
wherein the spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus and/or Bacillus atrophaeus in the sterilization indicator are free of any active or activatable repressor gene that would inhibit expression of the reporter gene if present in the test organism or sterilization indicator, and
wherein the indicator enzyme and the enzyme substrate are selected such that enzymatic action of the indicator enzyme upon the enzyme substrate yields a detectable signal.
15. The sterilization indicator of claim 14 wherein the indicator enzyme comprises beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, butyrate esterase, caprylate esterase lipase, chloroamphenicol acetytransferase, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, myristate lipase, leucine aminopeptidase, valine aminopeptidase, chymotrypsin, phosphohydrolase, alpha-D-galactosidase, alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-D-cellobiosidase, alanine aminopeptidase, proline aminopeptidase, tyrosine aminopeptidase, phenylalanine aminopeptidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, fatty acid esterase, or a mixture of two or more thereof.