Methods and kits for ascertaining biosafety of an agent
A method of ascertaining the bio-safety of an agent is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) contacting the agent with differentiating human pluripotent stem cells; (b) analyzing a level of gene expression of a plurality of genes in the differentiating human pluripotent stem cells, wherein the agent is qualified as being safe if at least one of the following qualification parameters are fulfilled: (i) the agent causes a difference in the level of gene expression below a predetermined number of genes as compared to control differentiating human pluripotent stem cells that have not been contacted with the agent; (ii) the agent causes a difference in gene expression below a predetermined number of tissue-specific genes of a tissue as compared to control differentiating human pluripotent stem cells that have not been contacted with the agent; or (iii) the agent causes a difference in gene expression below a predetermined number of genes involved in fetal development as compared to control differentiating human pluripotent stem cells that have not been contacted with the agent.
1. A method of ascertaining the bio-safety of an agent, the method comprising:
(a) generating embryoid bodies from human pluripotent stem cells:
(b) contacting the agent with said embryoid bodies concomitant with said generating or following said generating;
(c) analyzing a level of gene expression of more than 4000 random, non-biased genes in said embryoid bodies; and
(d) when said agent is qualified as being safe, testing said agent on an animal model to ascertain biosafety,
wherein said agent is qualified as being safe if at least one of the following qualification parameters are fulfilled:
(i) less than 1% of said random, unbiased genes are differentially expressed;
(ii) no more than 4% of said random, unbiased genes that are differentially expressed are involved in fetal development; or
(iii) less than 5% of the tissue specific genes of a tissue of said random, unbiased genes are differentially expressed.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said human pluripotent stem cells comprise human embryonic stem cells.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent is qualified as being safe when said qualification parameter (i) is fulfilled.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tissue is selected from the group consisting of heart, blood, liver, skeletal muscle and brain.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent is qualified as being safe when both said qualification parameter (i) and said qualification parameter (ii) is fulfilled.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent is qualified as being safe when both said qualification parameter (i) and said qualification parameter (iii) is fulfilled.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent is qualified as being safe when both said qualification parameter (ii) and said qualification parameter (iii) is fulfilled.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent is qualified as being safe when each of said qualification parameter (i), said qualification parameter (ii) and said qualification parameter (iii) is fulfilled.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said analyzing gene expression is effected by quantifying a level of a protein product of the genes in said embryoid bodies.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein quantifying a level of said protein is effected by using an antibody.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said analyzing gene expression is effected by detecting the presence in said embryoid bodies of transcribed polynucleotides of said genes or portions thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said transcribed polynucleotides are mRNA.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein said transcribed polynucleotides or portions thereof are detected via labeled probes which specifically hybridize with said transcribed polynucleotides or portions thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said labeled probes are conjugated to a solid support.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of a nylon membrane, glass slide, glass beads and a silicon chip.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising documenting results of said testing.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said agent is selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical agent, a food additive, an industrial chemical, a cosmetic agent and a pesticide.
18. A method of ascertaining the bio-safety of an agent, the method comprising:
(a) contacting the agent with differentiating human pluripotent stem cells;
(b) extracting RNA from said differentiating human pluripotent stem cells; and
(c) analyzing a level of expression of genes using said RNA and an array which detects expression levels of between 20-1000 genes, wherein at least 30% of said 20-1000 genes are tissue specific genes, wherein a difference in expression below a predetermined number of said 20-1000 genes as compared to control differentiating human pluripotent stem cells that have not been contacted with said agent is indicative of an agent being safe.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein at least an additional 30% of said 20-1000 genes are genes involved in fetal development.