Generation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells
Methods for generating high-yield, high-purity cardiomyocyte progenitors or cardiomyocytes from pluripotent cells are described. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is first activated in pluripotent cells, e.g., by inhibition of Gsk-3 to obtain a first population of cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is then inhibited in the first cell population to induce cardiogenesis under fully defined, growth factor free culture conditions.
1. A method for generating a population of human cardiomyocyte progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells, comprising:
(i) activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human pluripotent stem cells by culturing the human pluripotent stem cells in the presence of a Gsk3 inhibitor to obtain a first cell population; (ii) culturing the first cell population for a period following the end of the activating step; and (iii) inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the first cell population while culturing the first cell population after step (ii) to obtain a second cell population comprising human cardiomyocyte progenitors, wherein each culturing step free of exogenous growth factors.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting Gsk3 comprises contacting the pluripotent stem cells with a small molecule that inhibits Gsk3, wherein the small molecule is selected from the group consisting of CHIR 99021, CHIR 98014, BIO-acetoxime, BIO, LiCl, SB 216763, SB 415286, AR A014418, 1-Azakenpaullone, and Bis-7-indolylmaleimide.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the small molecule is selected from the group consisting of CHIR 99021, CHIR 98014, and BIO-acetoxime.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting Gsk3 comprises RNA interference knockdown of Gsk3.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting Gsk3 comprises overexpression of a dominant negative form of Gsk3.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling comprises overexpressing β-catenin in the cultured pluripotent stem cells.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the first cell population comprises contacting the first cell population with a small molecule that inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the small molecule stabilizes axin and stimulates β-catenin degradation.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the small molecule that stimulates β-catenin degradation and stabilizes axin is XAV939.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the small molecule prevents palmitylation of Wnt proteins by porcupine.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the small molecule that prevents palmitylation of Wnt proteins by porcupine is IWP2, IWP4, or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in step (iii), inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling comprises contacting the first cell population with at least one antibody that blocks activation of a Wnt ligand receptor.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one antibody binds to one or more Wnt ligand family members.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in step (iii), inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling comprises reducing β-catenin expression in the first cell population.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein reducing β-catenin expression comprises expressing shRNA for β-catenin in the first cell population.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising culturing the second cell population after ending the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling initiated during step (iii) to obtain a cell population comprising cardiomyocytes.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the culturing in steps (i)-(iii) comprises culturing in a medium comprising RPMI base medium, wherein at least 70% of the cells in the cell population comprising cardiomyocytes are cardiac troponinT (cTnT)-positive, and wherein no cell separation or selection step was used to obtain the cell population comprising cardiomyocytes.
18. A method for culturing human pluripotent stem cells to obtain a population of human cardiomyocytes, the method comprising the steps of:
sequentially inhibiting Gsk3 in the human pluripotent cells and then inhibiting Wnt signaling in the Gsk-inhibited cells; and
culturing the sequentially inhibited cells in a culture medium to form a differentiated cell population comprising cardiomyocytes, wherein the culturing is free of exogenous growth factors.