Balancing multiple column layout

1. A method for managing a plurality of columns including an initial column and a final column in an electronic document (ED) described in a markup language, comprising:

obtaining a text stream from the ED;

identifying, based on a plurality of attributes in the markup language, a plurality of widths of the plurality of columns, a height of the plurality of columns, and the number of columns in the plurality of columns, wherein each of the plurality of columns has the height and one of the plurality of widths;

identifying a total area of the plurality of columns based on the plurality of widths and the height;

calculating an area covered by the text stream by placing, using a layout engine, the text stream within the plurality of columns;

calculating a ratio by dividing the area covered with the total area;

calculating a line limit based on a product of the ratio and a number of lines per column; and

replacing, using the layout engine, a first portion of the text stream in the initial column until the line limit is reached and a second portion of the text stream in the final column.

2. A method for managing a plurality of columns including an initial column and a final column in an electronic document (ED) described in a markup language, comprising:

obtaining a text stream from the ED;

identifying, based on a plurality of attributes in the markup language describing the ED, a plurality of widths of the plurality of columns, a height of the plurality of columns, and the number of columns in the plurality of columns, wherein each of the plurality of columns has the height and one of the plurality of widths;

setting a first fill limit associated with the initial column of the plurality of columns to the height of the initial column;

placing, using a layout engine, the text stream within the plurality of columns according to the first fill limit;

identifying, after placing the text stream, a first fill level of the final column of the plurality of columns, wherein the first fill limit exceeds the first fill level;

calculating a first difference between the first fill limit and the first fill level of the final column;

calculating, in response to the first difference exceeding a tolerance and the first fill limit exceeding the first fill level, a second fill limit by multiplying the first fill limit by a scaling factor;

replacing, using the layout engine, the text stream within the plurality of columns according to the second fill limit;

identifying, after replacing the text stream, a second fill level, wherein the second fill level exceeds the second fill limit;

calculating a second difference between the second fill limit and the second fill level of the final column;

calculating, in response to the second difference exceeding the tolerance and the second fill level exceeding the second fill limit, a third fill limit by averaging the second fill limit and the first fill limit; and

replacing, using the layout engine, the text stream within the plurality of columns according to the third fill limit.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

identifying, after replacing the text stream according to the third fill limit, a third fill level of the final column;

calculating a third difference between the third fill limit and the third fill level of the final column; and

generating, in response to the third difference being within the tolerance, a page of the ED comprising the plurality of columns and the text stream placed within the plurality of columns according to the third fill limit.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the scaling factor is 0.5.

5. The method of claim 2 , wherein placing the text stream according to the first fill limit comprises:

filling the initial column until the first fill limit is reached with a first portion of the text stream;

filling an intermediary column of the plurality of columns until the first fill limit is reached with a second portion of the text stream; and

filling the final column with a third portion of the text stream.

6. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions for managing a plurality of columns including an initial column and a final column in an electronic document (ED) described in a markup language, the instructions comprising functionality to:

obtain a text stream from the ED;

identify, based on a plurality of attributes in the markup language describing the ED, a plurality of widths of the plurality of columns, a height of the plurality of columns, and the number of columns in the plurality of columns, wherein each of the plurality of columns has the height and one of the plurality of widths;

set a first fill limit associated with an initial column of the plurality of columns to the height of the initial column;

place, using a layout engine, the text stream within the plurality of columns according to the first fill limit;

identify, after placing the text stream, a first fill level of a final column of the plurality of columns, wherein the first fill limit exceeds the first fill level;

calculate a first difference between the first fill limit and the first fill level of the final column;

calculate, in response to the first difference exceeding a tolerance and the first fill limit exceeding the first fill level, a second fill limit by multiplying the first fill limit by a scaling factor;

replace, using the layout engine, the text stream within the plurality of columns according to the second fill limit;

identify, after replacing the text stream, a second fill level of the final column, wherein the second fill level exceeds the second fill limit;

calculate a second difference between the second fill level and the second fill limit;

calculate, in response to the second difference exceeding the tolerance and the second fill level exceeding the second fill limit, a third fill limit by averaging the second fill limit and the first fill limit; and

replace, using the layout engine, the text stream within the plurality of columns according to the third fill limit.

7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 6 , the instructions further comprising functionality to:

identify, after replacing the text stream according to the third fill limit, a third fill level of the final column;

calculate a third difference between the third fill limit and the third fill level of the final column; and

generate, in response to the third difference being within the tolerance, a page of the ED comprising the plurality of columns and the text stream placed within the plurality of columns according to the third fill limit.

8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 6 , wherein the scaling factor is 0.5.

9. A system for managing a plurality of columns including an initial column and a final column in an electronic document (ED) described in a markup language, comprising:

a processor;

a convertor module configured to:

identify, based on a plurality of attributes in the markup language, a plurality of widths of the plurality of columns, a height of the plurality of columns, and the number of columns in the plurality of columns, wherein each of the plurality of columns has the height and one of the plurality of widths; and

set a first fill limit associated with an initial column of the plurality of columns to the height of the initial column;

a layout engine executing on the processor and configured to:

place the text stream within the plurality of columns according to the first fill limit;

replace the text stream within the plurality of columns according to a second fill limit; and

replace the text stream within the plurality of columns according to a third fill limit; and

a constraint calculation module (CCM) configured to:

calculate a first difference between the first fill limit and a first fill level of a final column of the plurality of columns, wherein the first fill level results from placement of the text stream according to the first fill limit;

calculate, in response to the first difference exceeding a tolerance and the first fill limit exceeding the first fill level, a second fill limit by multiplying the first fill limit by a scaling factor;

calculate a second difference between the second fill limit and a second fill level of the final column, wherein the second fill level results from replacement of the text stream according to the second fill limit; and

calculate, in response to the second difference exceeding the tolerance and the second fill level exceeding the second fill limit, the third fill limit by averaging the second fill limit and the first fill limit.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the conversion module, the layout engine, and the CCM are located on a page rendering device (PRD) configured to:

generate, in response to a third difference between the third fill limit and a third fill level being within the tolerance, a page of the ED comprising the plurality of columns and the text stream placed within the plurality of columns according to the third fill limit,

wherein the third fill level results from replacement of the text stream according to the third fill limit.

11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the scaling factor is 0.5.