Methods for creating color variation in anthocyanins produced by cell culture
Disclosed are methods for obtaining blue anthocyanin pigments and compositions including such pigments. This blue anthocyanin is present at an acidic pH (where anthocyanins are most stable) and may be used as a natural color additive. The methods can include cultivating a plant callus from a plant capable of producing anthocyanin in which the callus is treated with a blue anthocyanin-generating agent at a concentration sufficient to generate callus with blue anthocyanin pigments. The method can also include recovering the blue anthocyanin pigments from the culture. In an example, the blue anthocyanin-generating agent is ammonium molybdate.
1. A method for producing blue anthocyanin pigments, comprising:
providing a plant callus from a plant that produces anthocyanin;
cultivating the plant callus in a liquid medium to obtain a suspension cell culture comprising callus cells producing blue anthocyanin, wherein the liquid medium comprises a blue anthocyanin-generating agent at a concentration sufficient to obtain the suspension cell culture producing blue anthocyanin pigments that maintain a bluish hue under acidic conditions at a pH of 3.2; and
recovering the blue anthocyanin pigments from the suspension cell culture.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the plant callus comprises inducing the formation of the plant callus from a tissue explant of a plant capable of producing blue anthocyanin through in vitro culture in a suitable nutrient medium.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nutrient medium used in the induction step of the formation of the plant callus comprises a solid medium.
4. A method for producing blue anthocyanin pigments, comprising:
providing a plant callus from a plant that produces red or purple anthocyanin;
cultivating the plant callus in a liquid medium to obtain a suspension cell culture comprising callus cells producing blue anthocyanin pigments, wherein the liquid medium comprises a blue anthocyanin-generating agent at a concentration sufficient to generate callus with blue anthocyanin pigments that maintain a bluish hue under acidic conditions at a pH of 3.2; and
recovering the blue anthocyanin pigments from the suspension cell culture.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein providing the plant callus comprises inducing the formation of the plant callus from a tissue explant of a plant capable of producing at least one of red or purple anthocyanin through in vitro culture in a suitable nutrient medium.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the nutrient medium used in the induction step of the formation of the plant callus comprises a solid medium.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blue anthocyanin-generating agent comprises at least one of ammonium molybdate, a Fe 3+ salt, ferric pyrophosphate, ferric citrate, an Al 3+ salt, a Mn 2+ salt, a Zn 2+ salt, a Ni 2+ salt, a Cu 2+ salt, a Co 2+ salt, a K + salt, or a combination of two or more thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the blue anthocyanin-generating agent comprises ammonium molybdate.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the concentration of ammonium molybdate is of 9 mg/L to 150 mg/L.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the blue anthocyanin-generating agent comprises a Fe 3+ salt, ferric pyrophosphate, ferric citrate or combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the blue anthocyanin-generating agent comprises ammonium molybdate, ferric pyrophosphate, ferric citrate or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the blue anthocyanin-generating agent comprises ferric pyrophosphate, ferric citrate or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 4 , wherein the blue anthocyanin-generating agent comprises ammonium molydate, ferric pyrophosphate, ferric citrate or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant is of the genus Brassica.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the plant belongs to the species Brassica oleraceae.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant is of the genus Daucus.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plant of the genus Daucus belongs to the species Daucus carota.
18. The method of clam 1 , wherein the blue anthocyanin pigments are present at a pH of 1 to 5.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the callus is obtained from a cotyledon, root, hypocotyl, shoot tip, stem, leaf, or epidermal peel.