Conversion of carbon dioxide to organic products
The invention relates to various embodiments of an environmentally beneficial method for reducing carbon dioxide. The methods in accordance with the invention include electrochemically or photoelectrochemically reducing the carbon dioxide in a divided electrochemical cell that includes an anode, e.g., an inert metal counterelectrode, in one cell compartment and a metal or p-type semiconductor cathode electrode in another cell compartment that also contains an aqueous solution of an electrolyte and a catalyst of one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines to produce therein a reduced organic product.
1. A method of converting carbon dioxide into at least one product, comprising:
reducing the carbon dioxide photoelectrochemically in a divided electrochemical cell comprising an anode in one cell compartment and a cathode electrode in another cell compartment, the cell compartment including the cathode including one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic amines, each compartment containing an aqueous solution of an electrolyte, and the cathode electrode is a p-type semiconductor responsive to illumination, wherein the aromatic heterocyclic amine is at least one of tertbutyl-pyridine, dimethyl-pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, 2-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, dimethylamino-pyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine, or 4,4′-bipyridine, or mixtures thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the p-type semiconductor is at least one of p-GaP, p-GaAs, p-InP, p-InN, p-WSe 2 , p-GaInP 2 or p-Si.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising illuminating the cathode with light energy to provide energy to the cell.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving the carbon dioxide from an exhaust stream from a fossil fuel burning power or industrial plant, from a source accompanying natural gas or from a geothermal well.