Method for producing a semifinished product and semifinished product for electrical contacts and contact piece
The method relates to a method for producing a strand-like, particularly band-like semi-finished part for electrical contacts, wherein the semi-finished part has a top side intended for making the electrical contact, said top side made from a silver-based composite material in which one or multiple metal oxides or carbon are embedded, and has a carrier layer supporting the composite material made of easily solderable or weldable ignoble metal, and method having the following steps: Powder-metallurgic production of a block made from the silver-based composite material, encasing of the block made of the composite material with a powder made from the easily solderable or weldable ignoble metal, compressing the block, encased by the metal powder, to condense the metal powder, sintering the compressed block in a reducing atmosphere or in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum, avoiding the formation of fluid eutectics from the silver of the composite material and from the non-precious metal with which the block made from the silver-based composite material is encased, reshaping of the sintered block by extrusion pressing, creating a partial strand with a top side made from composite material and a bottom side made from non-precious metal.
1. A method for producing a strand-shaped, semifinished product for electrical contacts, wherein the semifinished product has an upper face comprising a silver-based composite material intended for the electrical contact-making, one or more metal oxides or carbon being embedded in the composite material, and a carrier layer comprising easy-to-solder or easy-to-weld base metal, which carries the composite material, comprising the following steps:
producing a block from the silver-based composite material using a powder-metallurgical process;
covering the block comprising the composite material with a powder of the easy-to-solder or easy-to-weld base metal;
isostatically pressing the block covered with the metal powder so as to compact the metal powder;
sintering the pressed block in a reducing atmosphere or in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum preventing the formation of a liquid eutectic from the silver of the composite material and from the base metal with which the block comprising the silver-based composite material is covered;
working the sintered block by extrusion molding; and
generating a partial strand having an upper face comprising composite material and a lower face comprising base metal.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein two partial strands are generated by dividing the strand formed by extrusion molding in a longitudinal direction thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the composite material is a silver-metal oxide composite material.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the silver-based composite material contains at least one of the following oxides: tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide.
5. The method according to claim 3 wherein sintering is carried out in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of less than 700° C.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein sintering takes place first in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of less than 700° C., and subsequently sintering takes place in an inert atmosphere or under a vacuum at a higher temperature.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein a powder comprising nickel, iron, copper or a copper-base alloy is used for covering the block comprising the silver-based composite material.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein an alloy of copper with silver, or of copper with tin, or of copper with nickel is used as the copper-base alloy.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein in that the particles of the metal powder are protected from oxidation by an organic coating.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the organic coating and the sintering conditions are selected so that the coating volatizes without residue during sintering.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the covered block is cold isostatically pressed.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the cold isostatic pressing is carried out at a temperature at which the base metal is at most insignificantly oxidized in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extrusion molding is carried out at temperatures of at least 600° C.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the strand generated by extrusion molding, or a partial strand, is reduced by rolling.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the strand comprises two flanks, where the two flanks of the strand extending from the contact-making upper face to the easy-to-solder and easy-to-weld lower face of the strand forming the carrier layer are trimmed.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an approximately cylindrical sintered block is produced, the lateral area of which is subjected to turning prior to extrusion molding.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the block is formed by extrusion molding from a cylindrical shape into a shape having a rectangular cross-section.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an intermediate layer acting as a diffusion barrier is provided between the composite material block and the cover formed of base metal powder.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the intermediate layer acting as the diffusion barrier is formed of iron, nickel or cobalt.
20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the intermediate layer acting as the diffusion barrier is dimensioned so that it is at least 3 μm thick in the finished semifinished product.
21. A method for producing a strand-shaped, semifinished product for electrical contacts, wherein the semifinished product has an upper face comprising a silver-based composite material intended for the electrical contact-making, one or more metal oxides or carbon being embedded in the composite material, and a carrier layer comprising easy-to-solder or easy-to-weld base metal, which carries the composite material, comprising the following steps:
producing a block from the silver-based composite material using a powder-metallurgical process;
covering the block comprising the composite material with a powder of the easy-to-solder or easy-to-weld base metal;
pressing the block covered with the metal powder so as to compact the metal powder;
sintering the pressed block in a reducing atmosphere or in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum preventing the formation of a liquid eutectic from the silver of the composite material and from the base metal with which the block comprising the silver-based composite material is covered, wherein sintering is carried out in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of less than 700° C.;
working the sintered block by extrusion molding; and
generating a partial strand having an upper face comprising composite material and a lower face comprising base metal.
22. A method for producing a strand-shaped, semifinished product for electrical contacts, wherein the semifinished product has an upper face comprising a silver-based composite material intended for the electrical contact-making, one or more metal oxides or carbon being embedded in the composite material, and a carrier layer comprising easy-to-solder or easy-to-weld base metal, which carries the composite material, comprising the following steps:
producing a block from the silver-based composite material using a powder-metallurgical process;
covering the block comprising the composite material with a powder of the easy-to-solder or easy-to-weld base metal;
pressing the block covered with the metal powder so as to compact the metal powder;
sintering the pressed block in a reducing atmosphere or in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum preventing the formation of a liquid eutectic from the silver of the composite material and from the base metal with which the block comprising the silver-based composite material is covered, wherein an approximately cylindrical sintered block is produced, the lateral area of which is subjected to turning prior to an extrusion molding;
working the sintered block by the extrusion molding; and
generating a partial strand having an upper face comprising composite material and a lower face comprising base metal.