Compositions and methods for delivering an agent to a wound
The invention provides compositions featuring chitosan and methods for using such compositions for the local delivery of biologically active agents to an open fracture, complex wound or other site of infection. Advantageously, the degradation and drug elution profiles of the chitosan compositions can be tailored to the needs of particular patients at the point of care (e.g., in a surgical suite, clinic, physician's office, or other clinical setting).
1. A method for producing a biodegradable chitosan composition having a desired biodegradation profile, the method comprising
(a) dissolving chitosan having a degree of deacetylation of at least about 51% in one or more acids in a solvent, wherein the acid and solvent are selected to produce a biodegradable chitosan;
(b) forming the chitosan into a desired shape and lyophilizing to reduce the water content by about 80% 100%;
(c) neutralizing the chitosan composition by contacting the composition with a basic solution, wherein the basic solution is selected to modulate a physical-mechanical property of the chitosan;
(d) washing the chitosan composition with water until neutral; and
(e) lyophilizing the composition of step (c) to reduce the water content by about 80%-100%, thereby producing a biodegradable chitosan composition.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating at least one antibacterial or antifungal agent into the chitosan composition at a point of care.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan degree of deacetylation, weight percent, neutralization solution, solvent make-up, and/or crystallinity is selected to customize the biodegradation profile, elution profile, and/or a physical-mechanical property of the chitosan composition.
4. A method for producing a biodegradable chitosan composition comprising an antibacterial or antifungal agent selected by a clinician at a point of care, the method comprising
(a) dissolving chitosan having a degree of deacetylation of at least about 51% in one or more acids in a solvent, wherein the acid and solvent are selected to produce a chitosan that biodegrades over at least about one, two, three, four or five days in vivo; and
(b) forming the chitosan into a desired shape and lyophilizing to reduce the water content by about 80%-100%;
(c) neutralizing the chitosan composition by contacting the composition with a basic solution, wherein the basic solution is selected to modulate a physical-mechanical property of the chitosan;
(d) washing the chitosan composition with water until neutral; and
(e) lyophilizing the composition of step (c) to reduce the water content by about 80%-100%;
(f) selecting an antibacterial or antifungal agent; and
(gincorporating an effective amount of the agent into the composition at a point of care.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is ex vivo.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physical-mechanical property is selected from the group consisting of tensile strength, Young's modulus, swelling, degradation, and a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan composition is a wound management device.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the antibacterial or antifungal agent is selected at the point of care.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the desired shape is obtained by pouring the chitosan into a thin layer and heating the chitosan to form a dehydrated chitosan film.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chitosan is treated with an acid selected from the group consisting of acetic, citric, oxalic, proprionic, ascorbic, hydrochloric, formic, salicylic and lactic acids.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the acid solvent comprises lactic acid and/or acetic acid.
12. A chitosan composition produced by the method of claim 1 .
13. A wound management device comprising a chitosan composition produced by the method of claim 1 .
14. A method for treating a bacterial or fungal infection in a subject at a site of trauma, the method comprising contacting the site with a wound management device of claim 13 and an effective amount of at least one anti-bacterial or anti-fungal agent selected at a point of care.
15. A method for the local delivery of an antibacterial or antifungal agent to a site of a subject, the method comprising contacting the site with a chitosan composition according to the method of claim 1 comprising an antibacterial or antifungal agent selected at the point of care, thereby delivering the agent to the site.
16. A medical device for implantation and delivery of an antibacterial or antifungal agent to the implantation site comprising a chitosan composition made according to the method of claim 1 .
17. A kit comprising a chitosan composition of claim 1 .