Urea production process characterized by short urea melt transportation time between last concentrator and prilling tower
The invention relates to a method for urea production and to a urea production plant wherein ammonia emission in the final step of forming urea prills is reduced. In the method, the concentration of a urea solution is performed in at least three consecutive concentration steps and the residence time of urea melt leaving a last concentrator to the prilling tower is minimized. This can be achieved by placing the last concentrator in adjacency with a urea melt inlet of the prilling tower, such as above the prilling tower. In this way, the ammonia emission in the prilling tower can be reduced by as much as 50% compared to the conventional urea production plants. The invention further relates to a method for reducing ammonia emission in the prilling tower of an existing urea production plant.
1. A method for urea production in a urea production plant, comprising the steps of:
(a) synthesizing urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide resulting in a urea solution,
(b) concentrating the urea solution in at least three concentrating steps, yielding in a last step a urea melt, and
(c) forming urea prills from the urea melt,
wherein the residence time of the urea melt during transport between the last concentrating step in (b) and step (c) is less than 20 sec.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said residence time is less than 10 sec.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises three, four or five concentration steps.
4. A urea production plant comprising a urea synthesis section, a concentrating section and a prilling tower,
which concentrating section comprises at least three concentrators including a last concentrator upstream of the prilling tower,
wherein a urea melt transportation line connecting a urea melt outlet of the last concentrator with a urea melt inlet of the prilling tower is arranged such as to realise a residence time of urea melt in the transportation line of less than 20 sec.
5. The urea production plant according to claim 4 , wherein the length of the urea melt transportation line is less than 60 m.
6. The plant according to claim 5 , wherein said length is less than 40 m.
7. The plant according to claim 6 , wherein said length is less than 20 m.
8. The plant according to claim 4 , wherein the urea melt outlet of the last concentrator is at least 5 m higher than the urea melt inlet of the prilling tower in vertical height.
9. The plant according to claim 8 , wherein the urea melt outlet of the last concentrator is at least 8 m higher than the urea melt inlet of the prilling tower in vertical height.
10. The plant according to claim 4 , wherein the concentrating section comprises three, four or five concentrators.
11. A method for reducing ammonia emissions in a prilling tower of an existing urea production plant, wherein the existing plant comprises at least two existing concentrators and a prilling tower, said method comprising
placing at least one additional concentrator between the prilling tower and the last concentrator immediately preceding the prilling tower wherein the last concentrator is at a level above the previous concentrators such that the length of the urea melt transportation line connecting a urea melt outlet of the additional concentrator with the urea melt inlet of the prilling tower is less than would be present if the last concentrator were at ground level.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein one, two or three additional concentrators are placed between the existing concentrator and the prilling tower.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said length of the urea melt transportation line is less than 20 m.
14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the urea melt outlet of the last additional concentrator is at the same level or higher than the urea melt inlet of the prilling tower.
15. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said last concentrator is at a level at the top of or above the prilling tower.