Method of fabricating a circuit board
The characteristic impedance of a surface pad is manipulated by reticulating the pad and filling the spaces with a dielectric material, providing an inductive element in the coupling of the surface pad to an underlying ground pad of a ground plane, or a combination of these approaches. In appropriate embodiments, acceptable signal trace routing paths will exist in an embedded signal layer under the ground plane and crossing under the surface pad. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.
1. A method of fabricating a circuit board, comprising:
patterning a surface pad on a surface conductive layer;
patterning at least one clearance in a conductive reference plane layer, the at least one clearance creating a reference pad, the reference pad connected to adjacent portions of the conductive reference plane layer by at least one conductive spoke adjacent the at least one clearance;
patterning a differential trace pair in an embedded conductive signal layer;
joining the surface conductive layer and the conductive reference plane layer to opposite sides of a first dielectric layer such that the reference plane layer underlies the first surface pad; and
joining the embedded conductive signal layer and the conductive reference plane layer to opposite sides of a second dielectric layer such that the differential trace pair passes under the first reference pad.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a reticulation pattern in the surface pad.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
at least partially filling the reticulation pattern with a dielectric material.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
patterning a trace on the surface conductive layer; and
positioning a spoke of the at least one conductive spoke and the trace in relative alignment.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
the at least one clearance creating the reference pad connected to adjacent portions of the conductive reference plane layer by a first pair of conductive spokes oriented such that a first of the first pair of the conductive spokes overlies a first of the differential trace pair and a second of the first pair of the conductive spokes overlies a second of the different trace pair.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:
the at least one clearance creating the reference pad connected to adjacent portions of the conductive reference plane layer by a second pair of conductive spokes oriented such that a first of the second pair of the conductive spokes overlies a first of the differential trace pair and a second of the second pair of the conductive spokes overlies a second of the different trace pair.
7. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:
wherein each of the first pair of conductive spokes includes an average width of at least 110% of the width of the different trace pair traces.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patterning at least one clearance in the conductive reference plane layer includes providing a notch in at least one of the first reference pad or a portion of the reference plane layer that is adjacent the first reference pad and routing the at least one conductive spoke into the notch to connect the first reference pad to the portion of the reference plane layer that is adjacent the first reference pad.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patterning the surface pad on the surface conductive layer includes providing an interior reticulated pattern in which a conductive material of the surface conductive layer is absent.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
filling the interior reticulated pattern with a dielectric material.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the providing the interior reticulated pattern includes orienting the interior reticulated pattern such that the interior reticulated pattern is aligned with a component when the component is coupled to the first surface pad.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
mounting a component to the first surface pad such that the component is aligned with the interior reticulated pattern.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the component includes two possible alignments, and wherein the interior reticulated pattern includes the intersection of two reticulation patterns that correspond respectively to the two possible alignments.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
patterning a plurality of proximate surface pads, wherein the first surface pad is one of the plurality of proximate surface pads, and wherein each of the plurality of proximate surface pads is aligned with a corresponding proximate reference pad patterned in the conductive reference plane layer and including at least one conductive spoke;
configuring a circuit board by attaching a component between a first proximate surface pad and a second proximate surface pad.
15. A method of setting an impedance characteristic of a surface pad on a circuit board, the method comprising:
positioning a conductive reference pad under the surface pad, the conductive reference pad located on a first plane layer that is separated from the surface pad by a first dielectric layer;
inductively coupling the conductive reference pad to a ground reference; and
positioning a differential trace pair under the conductive reference pad, the differential trace pair located on a second plane layer separated from the conductive reference pad by a second dielectric layer.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
patterning at least one opening in an interior portion of the surface pad, wherein the patterning the at least one opening reduces the capacitive coupling of the surface pad to the conductive reference pad.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
at least partially filling the at least one opening with a dielectric material.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
connecting the surface pad to a microstrip conductor on a surface of the circuit board, wherein the microstrip conductor is referenced to the ground reference and includes a first characteristic impedance, and wherein in at least one frequency range less than 1 GHz a characteristic impedance of the surface pad is less than the first characteristic impedance, and in at least one frequency range greater than 1 GHz the characteristic impedance of the surface pad is equal to or greater than the first characteristic impedance.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
coupling a component to the surface pad.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the conductive reference pad is separated from adjacent portions of the first plane layer by at least one clearance and is connected to adjacent portions of the first plane layer by at least one conductive spoke.