Hybrid parallel / serial process for carbon dioxide capture from combustion exhaust gas using a sweep-based membrane separation step

1. A process for controlling carbon dioxide exhaust from a combustion process, comprising:

(a) performing a combustion process by combusting a mixture of a fuel and air, oxygen-enriched air, or oxygen, thereby creating an exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen;

(b) performing a carbon dioxide capture step to remove a portion of carbon dioxide in concentrated form from a first portion of the exhaust stream, thereby creating an off-gas stream from the capture step that is less concentrated in carbon dioxide than the exhaust stream;

(c) providing a membrane having a feed side and a permeate side, and being selectively permeable to carbon dioxide over nitrogen and to carbon dioxide over oxygen;

(d) passing a second portion of the exhaust stream and at least a portion of the capture step off-gas stream across the feed side;

(e) passing air, oxygen-enriched air, or oxygen as a sweep stream across the permeate side;

(f) withdrawing from the feed side a carbon-dioxide depleted vent stream;

(g) withdrawing from the permeate side a permeate stream comprising oxygen and carbon dioxide;

(h) passing the permeate stream to step (a) as at least part of the air, oxygen-enriched air, or oxygen used in step (a).

2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the capture step off-gas stream that is passed to step (d) comprises between about 3 vol % to about 20 vol % carbon dioxide.

3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust stream emanates from a gas turbine.

4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust stream emanates from a steam turbine.

5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust stream comprises between about 10 vol % to about 25 vol % carbon dioxide.

6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the exhaust stream that is sent to step (b) comprises between about 10 vol % and about '75 vol % of the total exhaust stream.

7. cess of claim 6 , wherein the first portion of the exhaust stream that is sent to step (b) comprises between about 20 vol % and about 65 vol % of the total exhaust stream.

8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the first portion of the exhaust stream that is sent to step (b) comprises between about 40 vol % and about 60 vol % of the exhaust stream.

9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide capture step comprises at least one process selected from the group consisting of absorption, adsorption, liquefaction, and membrane separation.

10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the carbon dioxide capture step is an absorbent-based capture step.

11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the absorbent-based capture step comprises a chemical absorption process.

12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the chemical absorption process is an amine-based absorption process.

13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the chemical absorption process is a potassium carbonate scrubbing process.

14. The process of claim 10 , wherein the absorption-based carbon dioxide capture step comprises a physical absorption process.

15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sweep stream follows a sweep flow direction across the permeate side, the off-gas stream follows a feed flow direction across the feed side, and the sweep flow direction is substantially countercurrent to the feed flow direction.

16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the membrane exhibits a carbon dioxide permeance of at least 500 gpu under process operating conditions.

17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the membrane exhibits a selectivity in favor of carbon dioxide over nitrogen of at least 10 under process operating conditions.

18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vent stream comprises 3 vol % carbon dioxide or less.