Compositions comprising estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 1 , independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 3 and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
1. A process of working a metal, comprising contacting said metal with a composition comprising
at least one extreme pressure agent; and
an estolide base oil comprising at least one compound selected from compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer greater than or equal to 0;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one compound is optionally substituted.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
5. The process according to claim 3 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein R 2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
8. The process according to claim 6 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted C 6 to C 12 alkyl that is saturated and branched.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
12. The process according to claim 10 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl that is unbranched and saturated or unsaturated.
13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein R 1 is saturated.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said estolide base oil has an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 2, wherein EN is the average number of estolide linkages in compounds according to Formula I.
15. The process according to claim 14 , wherein said estolide base oil has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 55 cSt when measured at 40° C.
16. The process according to claim 15 , wherein said estolide base oil has a pour point equal to or lower than −25° C.
17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one extreme pressure agent comprises a phosphorous extreme pressure agent.
18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the phosphorous extreme pressure agent comprises at least one of an amine salt of phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid ester.
19. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one surfactant.
20. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one biocide.
21. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one corrosion inhibitor.
22. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises water.
23. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one separation preventer, stability enhancer, antioxidant, abrasion inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour-point depressant, detergent-dispersant, or antifoaming agent.
24. The process according to claim 1 , wherein working the metal comprises at least one of a drawing process, an ironing process, a press working process, a cutting/grinding process, or a rolling process.