Visible/near-infrared porphyrin-tape/C60 organic photodetectors
Porphyrin compounds are provided. The compounds may further comprise a fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or a fused heterocyclic aromatic. Fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s and fused heterocyclic aromatics may extend and broaden absorption, and modify the solubility, crystallinity, and film-forming properties of the porphyrin compounds. Additionally, devices comprising porphyrin compounds are also provided. The porphyrin compounds may be used in a donor/acceptor configuration with compounds, such as C 60 .
1. A compound having the structure:
wherein R 1 -R 24 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, chalcogen, mercapto, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
wherein-at least two of R 1 -R 24 are each a fused polycyclic aromatic group or a fused heterocyclic aromatic group, wherein each fused polycyclic aromatic group and fused heterocyclic aromatic group are fused to the fused porphyrin of Formula I, wherein when the at least two R 1 -R 24 are adjacent, the at least two R 1 -R 24 correspond to the same fused polycyclic aromatic group or the fused heterocyclic aromatic group;
wherein M is a dicoordinate, tricoordinate, tetracoordinate, pentacoordinate or hexacoordinate metal ion or 2 hydrogen atoms; and
wherein n is 0-100.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Ti, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, Bi, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, Zn, ClAl, SnO, SnCl 2 , Pb(OAc), and Sn(OH) 2 .
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M is Zn, Pb, Sn, ClAl, SnO, SnCl 2 , Pb(OAc), or Sn(OH) 2 .
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein one of R 1 -R 24 is a fused pyrene.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein one of R 1 -R 9 and R 13 -R 21 is a fused pyrene.
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein n is 0-5.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R 1 -R 63 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
wherein each dotted arc is a polycyclic aromatic substituent or a heterocyclic aromatic substituent;
wherein X may be dicoordinate, tricoordinate, tetracoordinate, or hexacoordinate; and
wherein X is selected from the group consisting of 0 , S, Se, Te, N, P, As, Si, Ge, and B.
8. The compound of claim 7 , wherein the dotted arc substituent is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein i, j, and m are each independently 0-100;
wherein the zig zag line represents the fusion points of the pi-extended unit to the porphyrin;
wherein the dot represents the point where the polycyclic aromatic group is connected to the meso position of the porphryin;
wherein X is O, S, Se, Te, N, P, As, Si, Ge, or B;
wherein Y is H, M, or X; and
wherein R′ 1 -R′ 23 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, chalcogen, mercapto, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl.
9. The compound of claim 8 , wherein the dotted arc substituent is naphthalene, anthracene, or pyrene.
10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein Ar is aryl or heteroaryl.
11. An organic device, comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode; and
a first layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first layer comprises a first compound, wherein the first compound has the structure:
wherein R 1 -R 24 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, chalcogen, mercapto, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
wherein M is a dicoordinate, tricoordinate, tetracoordinate, pentacoordinate or hexacoordinate metal ion or 2 hydrogen atoms;
wherein at least two of R 1 -R 24 are each a fused polycyclic aromatic group or a fused heterocyclic aromatic group, wherein each fused polycyclic aromatic group and fused heterocyclic aromatic group are fused to the fused porphyrin of Formula I, wherein when the at least two R 1 -R 24 are adjacent, the at least two R 1 -R 24 correspond to the same fused polycyclic aromatic group or the fused heterocyclic aromatic group;
wherein n is 0-100; and
a second layer comprising a second organic compound disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the second layer is in direct contact with the first layer.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein at least one of R 1 -R 24 is a fused pyrene.
13. The device of claim 11 , wherein at least one of R 1 -R 9 and R 13 -R 21 is a fused pyrene.
14. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first layer is in contact with the first electrode and the device further comprises a layer of BCP disposed between and in contact with the second layer and the second electrode.
15. The device of claim 11 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Ti, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, Bi, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, Zn, ClAl, SnO, SnCl 2 , Pb(OAc), and Sn(OH) 2 .
16. The device of claim 11 , wherein the second compound is selected from the group consisting of C 60 , C 70 , C 84 , F 16 -CuPc, PTCBI, PTCDA, PCBM or PTCDI.
17. The device of claim 11 , wherein the second compound is C 60 .
18. The device of claim 11 , wherein the device has an optical response at a wavelength greater than 1200 nm.
19. The device of claim 11 , wherein the device has an optical response at a wavelength greater than 1500 nm.
20. The device of claim 11 , wherein M is Zn, Pb, Sn, ClAl, SnO, SnC 1 2 , Pb(OAc), and Sn(OH) 2 .
21. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first layer is disposed using solution processing.
22. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first layer comprises more than one first compound.
23. The device of claim 11 , wherein the second compound is disposed in a layer having a thickness of about 80 nm to about 200 nm.
24. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first compound is disposed in combination with one or more of polystyrene, chlorobenzene, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloromethane, chloroform, chloronaphthalene, dichlorobenzene, and pyridine.
25. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first compound is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R 1 -R 63 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
wherein each dotted arc is a polycyclic aromatic substituent or a heterocyclic aromatic substituent;
wherein X may be dicoordinate, tricoordinate, tetracoordinate, or hexacoordinate; and
wherein X is selected from the group consisting of 0 , S, Se, Te, N, P, As, Si, Ge, and B.
26. The device of claim 25 , wherein the dotted arc substituent is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein i, j, and m are each independently 0-100;
wherein the zig zag line represents the fusion points of the pi-extended unit to the porphyrin;
wherein the dot represents the point where the polycyclic aromatic group is connected to the meso position of the porphryin;
wherein X is O, S, Se, Te, N, P, As, Si, Ge, or B;
wherein Y is H, M, or X; and
wherein R′ 1 -R′ 23 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, chalcogen, mercapto, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl.
27. The device of claim 25 , wherein the dotted arc substituent is naphthalene, anthracene, or pyrene.
28. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first compound is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein Ar is aryl or heteroaryl.
29. The device of claim 11 , wherein the device is a consumer product.