Irradiation method and device for carrying out the method

1. A method for actuating a device for irradiating an object, the object having at least one target volume to be irradiated and at least one volume to be protected, the method comprising:

defining at least one range of permissible values for the volume to be protected;

irradiating the object at least in part with hadron irradiation;

determining, at least one cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected during the irradiation of the object;

determining, from the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected when the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected falls outside the range of permissible values, at least one risk potential for the target volume to be irradiated; and

emitting, when the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected falls outside the range of permissible values, at least one dose warning signal including at least one signal value associated with the determined risk potential for the target volume to be irradiated.

2. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the range of permissible values for the volume to be protected is defined according to a dose-volume histogram.

3. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected is determined at least partially using from a measured value that has been measured in at least one of the respective volumes and a beam.

4. The method recited in claim 3 , wherein the measured value determined in the beam is at least one of a beam position, a beam size, a beam shape, a beam intensity, and a beam energy.

5. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the object being irradiated at least partially moves.

6. The method recited in claim 5 , wherein at least one of the target volume to be irradiated and the volume to be protected at least partially moves.

7. The method recited in claim 6 , wherein the target volume to be irradiated and the volume to be protected at least partially move relative to each other.

8. The method recited in claim 1 , further comprising measuring a position of at least parts of the object to be irradiated.

9. The method recited in claim 8 , wherein measuring the position of at least parts of the object to be irradiated uses an imaging method.

10. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the irradiating is carried out in a scanning procedure.

11. The method recited in claim 10 , wherein the scanning procedure is a raster scanning procedure.

12. The method recited in claim 11 , wherein the at least one target volume to be irradiated comprises at least one target point, and further comprising switching off the at least one target point when the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected falls outside the range of permissible values.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the switching off of at least one target point is performed only during certain states of motion.

14. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the irradiating is carried out in several partial irradiation procedures;

wherein the several partial irradiation procedures include at least one of several fractions, several re-scanning procedures and a gating method.

15. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein determining the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected is performed by an implanted detector in the object.

16. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein determining the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected is performed by an external detector not implanted in the object.

17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

defining a register raster including an array of voxels within the at least one volume to be protected; and

defining a target raster including an array of target point voxels within the at least one target volume to be irradiated;

wherein determining at least one cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected comprises determining, for each of one or more voxels in the register raster, a cumulative dose introduced into the voxel during the irradiation of the object,

wherein determining, from the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected, at least one risk potential for the target volume to be irradiated comprises determining, from the cumulative dose value introduced into one or more voxels of the register raster, a risk potential for each of one or more target point voxels at one or more time intervals, and

wherein the at least one signal value associated with the determined risk potential for the target volume to be irradiated includes, for each of at least a portion of the target point voxels for which a risk potential was determined, a signal value associated with the determined risk potential.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein irradiating the object is performed according to an irradiation plan, the method further comprising:

determining, from the at least one dose warning signal, a modified irradiation plan calling for adapted irradiation of each of the one or more target point voxels for which a signal value was included in the at least one dose warning signal.

19. A control unit for actuating an irradiation device for irradiating an object, the object having at least one target volume to be irradiated and at least one volume to be protected, the control unit being configured to, at least at times, carry out a method comprising:

defining at least one range of permissible values for the volume to be protected;

irradiating the object at least in part with hadron irradiation;

determining at least one cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected during the irradiation of the object;

determining, from the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected when the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected falls outside the range of permissible values, at least one risk potential for the target volume to be irradiated; and

emitting, when the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected falls outside the range of permissible values, at least one dose warning signal including at least one signal value associated with the determined risk potential for the target volume to be irradiated.

20. An irradiation device for irradiating an object, the object having at least one target volume to be irradiated and at least one volume to be protected, comprising:

at least one hadron accelerator; and

a control unit being configured to, at least at times, carry out a method comprising:

defining at least one range of permissible values for the volume to be protected;

irradiating the object, at least in part with hadron irradiation;

determining at least one cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected during the irradiation of the object;

determining, from the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected when the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected falls outside the range of permissible values, at least one risk potential for the target volume to be irradiated; and

emitting, when the cumulative dose introduced into the volume to be protected falls outside the range of permissible values, at least one dose warning signal including at least one signal value associated with the determined risk potential for the target volume to be irradiated.