Methods and systems that monitor for an impending myocardial infarction
Implantable systems, and methods for use therewith, are provided for monitoring for an impending myocardial infarction. A signal indicative of changes in arterial blood volume is obtained. Such a signal can be a photoplethysmography signal or an impedance plethysmography signal. For each of a plurality of periods of time, a metric indicative of the areas under the curve of the signal or number of inflections in the signal is determined. An impending myocardial infarction is monitored for based on changes in the metric indicative of the area under the curve of the signal or number of inflections in the signal, and an alert and/or therapy is triggered in response to an impending myocardial infarction being predicted.
1. For use with a chronically implanted device, a method for monitoring for an impending myocardial infarction (MI), comprising:
(a) obtaining
a first signal indicative of changes arterial volume, the first signal comprising one of a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal or an impedance-plethysmography (IPG) signal, and
a second signal indicative of electrical cardiac activity, the second signal comprising one of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal or an intracardiac electrogram (IEGM) signal;
(b) determining, based on the first and second signals, a metric indicative of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV);
(c) determining, based on the first signal, a metric indicative of diastolic blood pressure (DBP);
(d) determining, based on at least one of the first and or second signals, a metric indicative of heart rate (HR);
(e) determining, based on the first signal, a metric indicative of vascular stiffness (VS) by determining a measure of a number of inflections in the first signal, wherein a greater the measure of the number of inflections in the first signal a greater the vascular stiffness;
(f) monitoring for an impending MI based on the metrics indicative of PWV, DBP, HR and VS, wherein an increase in each of the metrics indicative of PWV, DBP, HR and VS is interpreted as an increase in a risk of an impending MI; and
(g) triggering an alert and/or therapy in response to an impending MI being detected at step (f);
wherein one or more of steps (b) through (g) is/are performed using a processor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (f) comprises detecting an impending MI if the metrics indicative of PWV, DBP, HR and VS each satisfies a corresponding criteria indicative of an impending MI.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (f) comprises detecting an impending MI if a majority of the metrics indicative of PWV, DBP, HR and VS each satisfies a corresponding criteria indicative of an impending MI.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first signal indicative of changes arterial volume, that is obtained at step (a), is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal; and
step (e) comprises determining, based on the PPG signal, a metric indicative of vascular stiffness (VS) by determining a measure of a number of inflections in the PPG signal, wherein a greater the measure of the number of inflections in the PPG signal a greater the vascular stiffness.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first signal indicative of changes arterial volume, that is obtained at step (a), is an impedance-plethysmography (IPG) signal; and
step (e) comprises determining, based on the IPG signal, a metric indicative of vascular stiffness (VS) by determining a measure of a number of inflections in the IPG signal, wherein a greater the measure of the number of inflections in the IPG signal a greater the vascular stiffness.
6. A system for monitoring for an impending myocardial infarction (MI), comprising:
a sensor configured to produce a first signal that is indicative of changes in arterial volume;
one or more electrodes to produce a second signal indicative of electrical cardiac activity, the second signal comprising one of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal or an intracardiac electrogram (IEGM) signal; and
a monitor configured to
determine, based on the first and second signals, a metric indicative of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV);
determine, based on the first signal, a metric indicative of diastolic blood pressure (DBP);
determine, based on at least one of the first and second signals, a metric indicative of heart rate (HR);
determine, based on the first signal, a metric indicative of vascular stiffness (VS) by determining a measure of a number of inflections in the first signal, wherein a greater the measure of the number of inflections in the first signal a greater the vascular stiffness;
monitor for an impending MI based on the metrics indicative of PWV, DBP, HR and VS, wherein an increase in each of the metrics indicative of PWV, DBP, HR and VS is interpreted as an increase in a risk of an impending MI; and
trigger an alert and/or therapy in response to an impending MI being detected.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the monitor is configured to detect an impending MI if the metrics indicative of PWV, DBP, HR and VS each satisfies a corresponding criteria indicative of an impending MI.
8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the monitor is configured to detect an impending MI if a majority of the metrics indicative of PWV, DBP, HR and VS each satisfies a corresponding criteria indicative of an impending MI.
9. The system of claim 6 , wherein:
the first signal indicative of changes arterial volume, that is obtained by the sensor, is a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal; and
the monitor is configured to determine, based on the PPG signal, a metric indicative of vascular stiffness (VS) by determining a measure of a number of inflections in the PPG signal, wherein a greater the measure of the number of inflections in the PPG signal a greater the vascular stiffness.
10. The system of claim 6 , wherein:
the first signal indicative of changes arterial volume, that is obtained by the sensor, is an impedance-plethysmography (IPG) signal; and
the monitor is configured to determine, based on the IPG signal, a metric indicative of vascular stiffness (VS) by determining a measure of a number of inflections in the IPG signal, wherein a greater the measure of the number of inflections in the IPG signal a greater the vascular stiffness.