Enhanced citric acid production in
Provided herein are fungi, such as Aspergillus niger , having a dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase (Alg3) gene genetic inactivation, increased expression of a loss of aflR expression A (Lae), or both. In some examples, such mutants have several phenotypes, including an increased production of citric acid relative to the parental strain. Methods of using the disclosed fungi to make citric acid are also provided, as are compositions and kits including the disclosed fungi.
1. An isolated fungus comprising a genetic inactivation of an endogenous dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase (Alg3) gene, wherein the fungus is an Aspergillus species and the Alg3 gene is genetically inactivated by complete or partial deletion mutation or by insertional mutation, wherein the endogenous Alg3 gene prior to the genetic inactivation encodes a protein having at least 80% sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4.
2. The isolated fungus of claim 1 , wherein said fungus has been transformed with at least one Aspergillus LaeA (loss of aflR expression A) gene, wherein said LaeA gene encodes a protein having at least 80% sequence identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 41 or 59.
3. The isolated fungus of claim 1 , wherein the Aspergillus species is Aspergillus niger ( A. niger ).
4. The isolated fungus of claim 3 , wherein the A. niger is A. niger strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 11414 or A. niger strain 11414KusA.
5. An isolated fungus comprising a genetic inactivation of an endogenous dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase (Alg3) gene, wherein the fungus is an Aspergillus species and the Alg3 gene is genetically inactivated by complete or partial deletion mutation or by insertional mutation, wherein the endogenous Alg3 gene prior to the genetic inactivation has at least 80% sequence identity to the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3.
6. The isolated fungus of claim 1 , wherein said fungus has been transformed with at least one Aspergillus LaeA (loss of aflR expression A) gene, wherein said LaeA gene has at least 80% sequence identity to (a) nucleotides 1-236 and 367-1252 of SEQ ID NO: 40, or (b) nucleotides 1-230 and 373-1267 of SEQ ID NO: 58.
7. The isolated fungus of claim 1 , wherein compared to the parental Aspergillus strain having a wild-type Alg3 gene and cultured under the same conditions, the fungus:
grows slower on citric acid production medium;
has earlier spore germination in citric acid production medium;
produces at least 20% more citric acid when grown in citric acid production medium;
grows slower on complete medium or potato dextrose medium;
has reduced sporulation on complete medium; and/or
accumulates red color pigments on complete medium.
8. The isolated fungus claim 1 , wherein:
8 hours after inoculation in citric acid production medium, at least 30% of spores from the fungus have germinated compared to about 10% of spores from the parental Aspergillus strain having a wild type Alg3 gene when grown in the same citric acid production medium under the same conditions;
15 hours after inoculation in citric acid production medium, at least 90% of spores from the fungus have germinated compared to about 50% of spores from the parental Aspergillus strain having a wild type Alg3 gene when grown in the same citric acid production medium under the same conditions; and/or
initiation of spore germination by the fungus is delayed relative to the parental Aspergillus strain having a wild-type Alg3 gene in complete medium or potato dextrose medium, wherein the fungus and the parental strain are cultured under the same conditions.
9. The isolated fungus of claim 7 , wherein the citric acid production medium comprises 140 g/l of glucose, 3.1 g/l NH 4 NO 3 , 0.15 g/l KH 2 PO 4 , 0.15 g/l NaCl, 2.2 g/l MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, 6.6 mg/l ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O, 0.1 mg/l FeCl 3 , and 10 ppb Mn 2+ , wherein the pH of the citric acid production medium is adjusted to pH 2 with 4 M H 2 SO 4 .
10. A composition comprising the isolated fungus of claim 1 .
11. A kit, comprising:
the fungus of claim 1 ; and
a medium for culturing the fungus.
12. A fermentation broth comprising the fungus claim 1 .
13. A method of making citric acid, comprising:
culturing the isolated fungus of claim 1 under conditions that permit the fungus to make citric acid; thereby making citric acid.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the fungus is cultured in media comprising at least 50 g/l sugar and 8 to 15 ppb manganese.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising isolating the citric acid made by culturing the fungus.
16. The isolated fungus of claim 1 , wherein prior to genetic inactivation, the Alg3 gene encodes the protein of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4.
17. The isolated fungus of claim 2 , wherein the Aspergillus LaeA gene encodes a protein comprising SEQ ID NO: 41 or SEQ ID NO: 59.
18. The isolated fungus of claim 2 , wherein the Aspergillus LaeA gene comprises (a) nucleotides 1-236 and 367-1252 of SEQ ID NO: 40, or (b) nucleotides 1-230 and 373-1267 of SEQ ID NO: 58.
19. An isolated fungus, comprising a genetic inactivation of an endogenous dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase (Alg3) gene, wherein the Alg3 gene is genetically inactivated by complete or partial deletion mutation or by insertional mutation, and wherein prior to genetic inactivation, the Alg3 gene encodes the protein of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4.
20. The isolated fungus of claim 19 , wherein the fungus is transformed with a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein of SEQ ID NO: 41 or SEQ ID NO: 59.