Suspension system having a leaf spring
Suspension systems, leaf springs and methods of providing a leaf spring in a suspension system are disclosed. The suspension systems, leaf springs and methods of providing a leaf spring in a suspension system allow use of a lighter weight leaf spring while providing customized roll stiffness and vertical spring rate that are complemented by a bumper that engages the leaf spring assembly when compressed to at least a preselected position.
1. A suspension system for a vehicle axle comprising:
a leaf spring configured to be coupled at a front end and a rear end to a frame member of the vehicle;
an axle coupling assembly configured to be coupled to the leaf spring and to an axle of the vehicle;
a bumper coupled to the axle coupling assembly or to the frame member of the vehicle and disposed to have a center of the bumper forward and inboard of a center of the axle coupling assembly and to be engaged when the leaf spring is compressed to at least a preselected position;
the leaf spring including tapered upper and lower surfaces in an axle seat portion; and
the leaf spring including a front limb having a vertical spring rate and a length that extends forward from the axle seat portion to the front end and a rear limb having a vertical spring rate and a length that extends rearward from the axle seat portion to the rear end.
2. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein the axle coupling assembly includes tapered surfaces that engage the tapered upper and lower surfaces of the leaf spring in the axle seat portion thereby assisting in longitudinal retention of the leaf spring within the axle coupling assembly.
3. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein the leaf spring further comprises a fastener extending from the lower surface of the leaf spring in the axle seat portion.
4. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein when the bumper is engaged during jounce, roll or braking, the bumper assists in balancing stress in the front and rear limbs of the leaf spring.
5. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein when the bumper is engaged the roll stiffness of the suspension system is increased.
6. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein engagement and compression of the bumper provides increased vertical spring rate in the suspension system.
7. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein locating the bumper forward of the center of the axle coupling assembly allows the rear limb of the leaf spring to effectively add roll spring rate.
8. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein the leaf spring front limb length is less than the rear limb length.
9. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein the leaf spring front limb vertical spring rate is greater than the rear limb vertical spring rate.
10. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein the leaf spring has a maximum thickness that is located within the axle seat portion.
11. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein the front end of the leaf spring further comprises an eye and the rear end further comprises an eye.
12. The suspension system of claim 1 wherein the axle coupling assembly includes an axle seat bracket and a first mounting pad that is operatively coupled to the axle seat bracket.
13. A method of controlling roll stiffness in a suspension system for a vehicle comprising:
providing a leaf spring having an axle seat portion having tapered upper and lower surfaces, a front limb having a vertical spring rate and a length that extends forward from the axle seat portion to a front end and a rear limb having a vertical spring rate and a length that extends rearward from the axle seat portion to a rear end;
providing couplings that connect the front and rear ends of the leaf spring to a vehicle frame member;
providing an axle coupling assembly that couples a vehicle axle to the axle seat portion of the leaf spring;
providing a bumper disposed between the leaf spring and the vehicle frame member;
wherein a center of the bumper is located forward and inward of a center of the axle coupling assembly and wherein when the suspension system is in a roll condition and the bumper is engaged and compressed, roll stiffness of the leaf spring is increased.
14. The method of controlling roll stiffness in a suspension system for a vehicle of claim 13 further comprising providing a fastener that engages the leaf spring in the axle seat portion and engages the axle coupling assembly.
15. The method of controlling roll stiffness in a suspension system for a vehicle of claim 13 wherein the leaf spring has a front limb length that is less than the rear limb length.
16. The method of controlling roll stiffness in a suspension system for a vehicle of claim 13 wherein the leaf spring has a front limb vertical spring rate that is greater than the rear limb vertical spring rate.