Cobalt deposition on barrier surfaces
Embodiments of the invention provide processes for depositing a cobalt layer on a barrier layer and subsequently depositing a conductive material, such as copper or a copper alloy, thereon. In one embodiment, a method for depositing materials on a substrate surface is provided which includes forming a barrier layer on a substrate, exposing the substrate to dicobalt hexacarbonyl butylacetylene (CCTBA) and hydrogen to form a cobalt layer on the barrier layer during a vapor deposition process (e.g., CVD or ALD), and depositing a conductive material over the cobalt layer. In some examples, the barrier layer and/or the cobalt layer may be exposed to a gas or a reagent during a treatment process, such as a thermal process, an in situ plasma process, or a remote plasma process.
1. A method for depositing materials on a substrate surface, comprising:
forming a barrier layer on a substrate, wherein the barrier layer comprises a metallic layer, a metal nitride layer, or combinations thereof;
exposing the substrate to dicobalt hexacarbonyl butylacetylene (CCTBA) and hydrogen to form a cobalt layer on the barrier layer during a vapor deposition process; and
depositing a conductive material over the cobalt layer, wherein the cobalt layer is metallic cobalt, cobalt boride, cobalt phosphide, or combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exposing the barrier layer or the cobalt layer to a plasma during a treatment process, wherein the plasma is formed from nitrogen (N 2 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), or combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer or the cobalt layer is exposed to a hydrogen plasma for a time period within a range from about 20 seconds to about 40 seconds and the hydrogen plasma is formed by a remote plasma source.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exposing the barrier layer or the cobalt layer to a gas during a thermal treatment process, wherein the gas is nitrogen (N 2 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), or combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the substrate is heated to a temperature within a range from about 50° C. to about 400° C. during the thermal treatment process.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is exposed to a deposition gas comprising the CCTBA and the hydrogen during a thermal chemical vapor deposition process.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the substrate is heated to a temperature within a range from about 100° C. to about 250° C. during the thermal chemical vapor deposition process.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is sequentially exposed to the CCTBA and the hydrogen during an atomic layer deposition process.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer is tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium, titanium nitride, tungsten, tungsten nitride, alloys thereof, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the barrier layer is a tantalum nitride layer disposed on a tantalum layer.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material comprises copper or a copper alloy.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conductive material comprises a seed layer and a bulk layer.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the seed layer comprises copper and is deposited by a physical vapor deposition process or a chemical vapor deposition process.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the bulk layer comprises copper and is deposited by an electrochemical plating process.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conductive material is directly deposited on the cobalt layer by an electrochemical plating process.
16. A method for depositing materials on a substrate surface, comprising:
forming a barrier layer on a substrate, wherein the barrier layer is a metallic layer, a metal nitride layer, or combinations thereof;
exposing the substrate to dicobalt hexacarbonyl butylacetylene (CCTBA) and hydrogen to form a cobalt layer on the barrier layer during a vapor deposition process;
exposing the cobalt layer to a plasma during a post-treatment process; and
depositing a copper layer on the cobalt layer by a vapor deposition process, wherein the cobalt layer is metallic cobalt, cobalt boride, cobalt phosphide, or combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plasma is formed from nitrogen (N 2 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), argon, helium, or combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cobalt layer is exposed to the plasma for a time period within a range from about 20 seconds to about 40 seconds, and the plasma is formed by a remote plasma source.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the substrate is exposed to a deposition gas comprising the CCTBA and the hydrogen during a thermal chemical vapor deposition process.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the substrate is heated to a temperature within a range from about 100° C. to about 250° C. during the thermal chemical vapor deposition process.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein the substrate is sequentially exposed to the CCTBA and the hydrogen during an atomic layer deposition process.
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein the cobalt layer is formed during a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process or a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition process.
23. The method of claim 16 , wherein the barrier layer is tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium, titanium nitride, tungsten, tungsten nitride, alloys thereof, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the barrier layer is a tantalum nitride layer disposed on a tantalum layer.
25. A method for depositing materials on a substrate surface, comprising:
forming a barrier layer on a substrate, wherein the barrier layer is selected from the group consisting of tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium, titanium nitride, tungsten, tungsten nitride, alloys thereof, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof;
exposing the substrate to dicobalt hexacarbonyl butylacetylene (CCTBA) and a reducing gas to form a cobalt layer on the barrier layer during a vapor deposition process;
exposing the cobalt layer to a hydrogen plasma during a post-treatment process; and
depositing a copper material over the cobalt layer, wherein the cobalt layer is metallic cobalt, cobalt boride, cobalt phosphide, or combinations thereof.