NH3 containing plasma nitridation of a layer on a substrate
Methods and apparatus for forming nitrogen-containing layers are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method includes exposing a first layer of a substrate to a plasma formed from a process gas comprising predominantly a mixture of ammonia (NH 3 ) and a noble gas, wherein ammonia is about 0.5 to about 15 percent of the process gas; and maintaining the process chamber at a pressure of about 10 mTorr to about 80 mTorr while exposing the first layer to the plasma to transform at least an upper portion of the first layer into a nitrogen-containing layer.
1. A method of forming a nitrogen-containing layer on a substrate disposed on a substrate support in a process chamber, comprising:
exposing a first layer of a 3-dimensional FINFET substrate structure to a radio frequency (RF) plasma formed from a process gas comprising predominantly a mixture of ammonia (NH 3 ) and a noble gas, wherein ammonia is about 2.5 percent of the process gas and the noble gas is predominantly the balance;
maintaining the substrate at a temperature of about 350 degrees Celsius to about 450 degrees Celsius while exposing the first layer to the RF plasma; and
maintaining the process chamber at a pressure of about 10 mTorr to about 80 mTorr while exposing the first layer to the RF plasma to transform at least an upper portion of the first layer into a nitrogen-containing layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
exposing the first layer to a second plasma formed from a non-reactive gas prior to exposing the first layer to the RF plasma formed from the process gas; and
securing the substrate to the substrate support using an electrostatic chuck or a vacuum chuck while exposing the first layer to the second plasma.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
preheating the substrate prior to securing the substrate to the substrate support.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein preheating the substrate further comprises:
preheating the substrate to a temperature within at least about 150 degrees Celsius of a targeted temperature of the substrate at a pressure of about 8 Torr for a duration of at least about 50 seconds.
5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
heating the substrate to provide a non-uniform temperature profile to the first layer;
wherein the RF plasma has a non-uniform plasma profile and wherein the non-uniform temperature profile is selected to compensate for the non-uniform plasma profile.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process gas consists of ammonia (NH 3 ) and the noble gas.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process gas consists essentially of ammonia (NH 3 ) and the noble gas.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process gas is about 2.5 percent ammonia (NH 3 ) and about 97.5 percent the noble gas.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layer includes hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), hafnium silicate (HfSiO x ), a first sub-layer of SiO 2 and a second sub-layer of HfO 2 , or a first sub-layer of SiO 2 and a second sub-layer of HfSiO x , and wherein the nitrogen-containing layer comprises hafnium oxynitride (HfON), or nitridized hafnium silicate (HfSiON).
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
exposing the first layer to a pre-conditioning plasma formed from a pre-conditioning gas, wherein the pre-conditioning gas reduces residual oxygen content in the process chamber.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the pre-conditioning gas includes an inert gas, hydrogen (H 2 ) and an inert gas, or ammonia (NH 3 ).
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate support comprises an electrostatic chuck having a heater, and wherein heating the substrate further comprises heating the substrate to a temperature of about 350 to about 450 degrees Celsius using the heater while securing the substrate to the substrate support using the electrostatic chuck.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
applying an RF bias to a substrate having the 3-dimensional substrate structure disposed thereon.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen-containing layer has a nitrogen content of about 5 to about 35 atomic percent.
15. A method of forming a nitrogen-containing layer on a substrate disposed in a process chamber, comprising:
exposing a first layer of a 3-dimensional substrate structure to a radio frequency (RF) plasma formed from a process gas comprising predominantly a mixture of ammonia (NH 3 ) and a noble gas, wherein ammonia is about 2.5 percent of the process gas and the noble gas is predominantly the balance; and
maintaining the process chamber at a pressure of about 10 mTorr to about 80 mTorr while exposing the first layer to the RF plasma to transform at least an upper portion of the first layer into a nitrogen-containing layer.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the 3-dimensional substrate structure is a 3-dimensional FINFET substrate structure.