Soft mechanical stops to limit over-travel of proof masses in cantilevered piezoelectric devices
A piezoelectric device is disclosed which has a built-in soft stop which serves for protection against excessive force.
1. A device comprising:
a flexible arm comprising a piezoelectric material which when flexed generates an electrical voltage;
a support post mounting a first end of the flexible arm in cantilever position within a package;
a proof mass attached to the flexible arm to increase an amount of flexing of the flexible arm when a force is applied to the package, a second end of the flexible arm extending beyond the proof mass and forming a cantilever motion stop spring, wherein the second end of the flexible arm is integrally formed with the flexible arm;
a landing pad formed in the package in a position to enable unrestricted flexing of the flexible arm by relative oscillation of the second end about the first end under usual force application to the package during normal operation without the stop spring contacting the landing pad, and to provide shock absorbing spring contact between the stop spring and the landing pad thereby providing a soft stop for limiting travel of the second end during an event when an excessive force greater than usual force is applied to the package.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the package includes a cavity having a contour with a main portion of given dimension within which the proof mass travels during normal operation and a stepped portion of reduced dimension within which the stop spring travels during normal operation; and wherein the landing pad comprises a step defining the stepped portion.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the proof mass comprises a first proof mass attached to a top of the flexible arm between the first end and the second end, and a second proof mass attached opposite the first proof mass to a bottom of the flexible arm.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the stepped portion is defined by oppositely facing first and second steps and the landing pad comprises a first landing pad formed by the first step providing a first soft stop for limiting travel of the second end in a direction, and a second pad formed by the second step providing a second soft stop for limiting travel of the second end in an opposite direction.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the flexible arm comprises a flexible first member having the first end attached to the support post and the second end extending beyond the proof mass, and a piezoelectric material second member attached for flexing with the first member.
6. The device of claim 4 , wherein the support post comprises
oppositely directed first and second support posts;
the flexible arm comprises flexible first and second electrode members having respective first ends attached to the first and second support posts and second ends, and a piezoelectric material member sandwiched between the first and second electrodes for flexing together therewith;
the first proof mass is attached to a top of the first electrode member; the second proof mass is attached opposite the first proof mass to a bottom of the second electrode member; and
at least one of the second ends of the first and second electrode members extends beyond the associated first or second proof mass.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the electrode members comprise flexible metal members.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the electrode members comprise one or more layers of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, copper, aluminum, titanium, or an alloy comprising one or more of such metals.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the piezoelectric material comprises at least one of lead zirconate titanate, lead magnesium niobate-lead zirconate titanate, lead zirconate niobate-lead zirconate titanate, aluminum nitride or zinc oxide.
10. The device of claim 6 , wherein the electrode members comprise a metal coated silicon-based material.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the silicon-based material comprises silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or silicon nitride.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the piezoelectric material comprises at least one of lead zirconate titanate, lead magnesium niobate-lead zirconate titanate, lead zirconate niobate-lead zirconate titanate, aluminum nitride or zinc oxide.
13. The device of claim 2 , wherein the stepped portion is defined by oppositely facing first and second steps and the landing pad comprises a first landing pad formed by the first step providing a first soft stop for limiting travel of the second end in a direction, and a second pad formed by the second step providing a second soft stop for limiting travel of the second end in an opposite direction.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible arm comprises a flexible first member having the first end attached to the support post and the second end extending beyond the proof mass, and a piezoelectric material second member attached for flexing with the first member.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein the first member comprises a flexible metal electrode.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the piezoelectric material comprises at least one of lead zirconate titanate, lead magnesium niobate-lead zirconate titanate, lead zirconate niobate-lead zirconate titanate, aluminum nitride or zinc oxide.
17. The device of claim 14 , wherein the first member comprises a metal coated silicon-based material.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the piezoelectric material comprises at least one of lead zirconate titanate, lead magnesium niobate-lead zirconate titanate, lead zirconate niobate-lead zirconate titanate, aluminum nitride or zinc oxide.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible arm is shaped to form a rectangular prism.
20. The device of claim 1 , wherein the proof mass extends from a surface of the flexible arm that opposes a surface of the landing pad.
21. A device comprising:
a flexible arm comprising a piezoelectric material which when flexed generates an electrical voltage;
a support post mounting a first end of the flexible arm in cantilever position within a package;
a proof mass attached to the flexible arm to increase an amount of flexing of the flexible arm when a force is applied to the package, a second end of the flexible arm extending beyond the proof mass and forming a cantilever motion stop spring;
a landing pad formed in the package in a position to enable unrestricted flexing of the flexible arm by relative oscillation of the second end about the first end under usual force application to the package during normal operation without the stop spring contacting the landing pad, and to provide shock absorbing spring contact between the stop spring and the landing pad thereby providing a soft stop for limiting travel of the second end during an event when an excessive force greater than usual force is applied to the package;
wherein the proof mass comprises a first proof mass attached to a top of the flexible arm between the first end and the second end, and a second proof mass attached opposite the first proof mass to a bottom of the flexible arm.
22. A device comprising:
a flexible arm comprising a piezoelectric material which when flexed generates an electrical voltage;
a support post mounting a first end of the flexible arm in cantilever position within a package;
a proof mass attached to the flexible arm to increase an amount of flexing of the flexible arm when a force is applied to the package, a second end of the flexible arm extending beyond the proof mass and forming a cantilever motion stop spring;
a landing pad formed in the package in a position to enable unrestricted flexing of the flexible arm by relative oscillation of the second end about the first end under usual force application to the package during normal operation without the stop spring contacting the landing pad, and to provide shock absorbing spring contact between the stop spring and the landing pad thereby providing a soft stop for limiting travel of the second end during an event when an excessive force greater than usual force is applied to the package;
wherein the support post comprises oppositely directed first and second support posts;
the flexible arm comprises flexible first and second electrode members having respective first ends attached to the first and second support posts and second ends, and a piezoelectric material member sandwiched between the first and second electrodes for flexing together therewith;
the proof mass comprises a first proof mass attached to a top of the first electrode member, and a second proof mass attached opposite the first proof mass to a bottom of the second electrode member; and
at least one of the second ends of the first and second electrode members extends beyond the associated first or second proof mass.