Cooling fabrics
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to cooling fabrics having an array of cooling elements coupled to a base fabric, and in particular to methods and fabrics that utilize an array of cooling elements coupled to a base material to absorb heat while also maintaining desired properties of the base material. In some embodiments, the cooling elements may include a cooling gel or polymer or a phase change material, and the cooling elements may undergo a chemical or physical change when exposed to moisture, thereby absorbing heat.
1. A cooling fabric adapted for use with bodywear, comprising:
a base material having a transfer property that is adapted to allow passage of a natural element through the base material, the base material having an outer surface and a body-facing surface; and
a discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements each directly coupled to the body-facing surface of the base material, the cooling elements being adapted to absorb heat when exposed to moisture, wherein each cooling element comprises a closed loop member, wherein the placement and spacing of the cooling elements enables the base material to retain partial performance of the transfer property, and wherein the cooling elements comprise a cooling polymer, a phase change material, or a combination thereof.
2. The cooling fabric of claim 1 , wherein the natural element is air, moisture, water vapor, or heat.
3. The cooling fabric of claim 1 , wherein the base material comprises a moisture-wicking fabric.
4. The cooling fabric of claim 1 , wherein the cooling elements have a maximum spacing of less than about 1 cm.
5. The cooling fabric of claim 1 , wherein the cooling elements have a minimum spacing of more than about 1 mm.
6. The cooling fabric of claim 1 , wherein the cooling elements comprise closed loop members.
7. The cooling fabric of claim 1 , wherein the cooling elements are each directly coupled to the body-facing surface of the base material by gluing, heat pressing, printing, stitching, frequency welding, or by gravure coating.
8. A cooling fabric adapted for use with bodywear, comprising:
a base material having a transfer property that is adapted to allow passage of a natural element through the base material; and
a discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements each directly coupled to a first side of the base material, the cooling elements being adapted to absorb heat when exposed to moisture, wherein each cooling element comprises a closed loop member, wherein the placement and spacing of the cooling elements enables the base material to retain partial performance of the transfer property, wherein the cooling elements are configured to undergo a conformational change when exposed to moisture, and wherein the conformational change enhances the transfer property of the base material.
9. The cooling fabric of claim 8 , wherein the conformational change enhances moisture vapor transfer across the base material.
10. The cooling fabric of claim 8 , wherein the conformational change comprises a change from a convex profile to a concave profile with respect to a skin surface.
11. The cooling fabric of claim 8 , wherein the cooling elements comprise closed loop members, and wherein the conformational change causes a region of the base material within each closed loop member to stretch.
12. The cooling fabric of claim 11 , wherein the base material comprises pores and the stretched base material comprises enlarged pores.
13. The cooling fabric of claim 12 , wherein the enlarged pores facilitate transfer of the natural element.
14. The cooling fabric of claim 8 , wherein the cooling elements are each directly coupled to the body-facing surface of the base material by gluing, heat pressing, printing, stitching, frequency welding, or by gravure coating.
15. A cooling fabric adapted for use with bodywear, comprising:
a base material having a transfer property that is adapted to allow passage of a natural element through the base material, the base material having an outside surface and a body-facing surface; and
a discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements each directly coupled to the body-facing surface of the base material, the cooling elements being adapted to absorb heat when exposed to moisture, wherein each cooling element comprises a closed loop member, wherein the placement and spacing of the cooling elements enables the base material to retain partial performance of the transfer property, wherein a percentage of surface area coverage of the cooling elements is from about 25% to about 67%.
16. The cooling fabric of claim 15 , wherein a percentage of surface area coverage of the cooling elements is from about 40% to about 60%.
17. The cooling fabric of claim 15 , wherein the cooling elements are each directly coupled to the body-facing surface of the base material by gluing, heat pressing, printing, stitching, frequency welding, or by gravure coating.
18. A method of making a cooling fabric, comprising:
selecting a base material having a transfer function that is adapted to allow passage of a natural element through the base material, the base material having an outer surface and a body-facing surface; and
directly coupling a discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements to the body-facing surface of the base material, the cooling elements being adapted to absorb heat when exposed to moisture, wherein each cooling element comprises a closed loop member, wherein the placement and spacing of the cooling elements enables the base material to retain partial performance of the transfer function, wherein the cooling elements are configured to undergo a conformational change when exposed to moisture, and wherein the cooling elements comprise a cooling polymer, a phase change material, or a combination thereof.
19. The cooling fabric of claim 18 , wherein directly coupling the discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements to the body-facing surface of the base material comprises gluing, heat pressing, printing, stitching, frequency welding, or gravure coating the discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements to the body-facing surface of the base material.
20. A method of making a cooling fabric, comprising:
selecting a base material having a transfer function that is adapted to allow passage of a natural element through the base material, the base material having an outer surface and a body-facing surface; and
directly coupling a discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements to the body-facing surface of the base material, the cooling elements being adapted to absorb heat when exposed to moisture, wherein each cooling element comprises a closed loop member, wherein the placement and spacing of the cooling elements enables the base material to retain partial performance of the transfer function, wherein the cooling elements are configured to undergo a conformational change when exposed to moisture, and wherein the conformational change enhances the transfer function of the base material.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the conformational change causes a region of the base material within each closed loop member to stretch.
22. The cooling fabric of claim 20 , wherein directly coupling the discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements to the body-facing surface of the base material comprises gluing, heat pressing, printing, stitching, frequency welding, or gravure coating the discontinuous array of discrete cooling elements to the body-facing surface of the base material.