Drying substances, preparation and use thereof
There is provided herein a dryer polymer substance comprising a polymer grafted with a compound having sulfonic groups, wherein the substance is adapted to pervaporate a fluid such as water, water vapor or both. There is further provided a process for the preparation of a dryer polymer substance adapted to pervaporate a fluid, the process includes processing a polymer into a desired form, activating at least a portion of the polymer, and grafting the activated portion of the polymer with a compound having groups adapted to be sulfonated.
1. A dryer polymer substance comprising a non-porous copolymer grafted with a compound having sulfonic group, said copolymer comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene)-graft-poly(styrene sulfonated acid) (P(VDF-HFP)-g-PSSA) or any derivative thereof, wherein said dryer polymer substance comprises a dryer tube, wherein the percentage of grafting is in a range of 20-50%, wherein the substance is adapted to pervaporate water, water vapor or both from a gas while maintaining the concentration of CO 2 , O 2 or both in said gas, and wherein the tube has a water evaporation rate of over 150 micro-liter/hour at a temperature of 22° C. and at 34% humidity, when the internal diameter of the tube is 1.0±0.1 millimeter (mm); the outer diameter of the tube is 1.24±0.02 mm and the length of the tube is 50 mm.
2. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , wherein the percentage of sulfonation of the dryer polymer substance is in the range of 40-100%.
3. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , wherein the tube has a water uptake of over 100% at a temperature of 22° C. and at 34% humidity, wherein the internal diameter of the tube is 1.0±0.1 millimeter (mm); the outer diameter of the tube is 1.24±0.02 mm and the length of the tube is 50 mm.
4. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , wherein the internal diameter of the tube is 1.0±0.1 millimeter (mm); the outer diameter of the tube is 1.24±0.02 mm and the length of the tube is 50 mm.
5. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , wherein said dryer tube has a circular internal cross-section.
6. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , wherein said dryer tube has a circular internal cross-section and a non-circular external cross-section.
7. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , wherein said dryer tube has a non-circular internal cross-section and a circular external cross-section.
8. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , wherein said dryer tube has a non-circular internal cross-section and a matching non-circular external cross-section.
9. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , wherein said dryer tube comprises an inner conduit, wherein the internal cross-section of at least a portion of said inner conduit is non-circular and adapted to collect liquids in proximity to the inner walls of said inner conduit and thus allow a liquid free gas flow in said dryer tube.
10. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 9 , wherein said cross section of said inner conduit is similar to an n-point star, wherein n is an integer having the value of between 2-10.
11. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 9 , wherein said cross section of said inner conduit is similar to an n-petal flower, wherein n is an integer having the value of between 2-10.
12. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , having an ultimate tensile strength of about 20 MPa or more as determined by an average amount of force exerted per unit area, when normalized to wall thickness.
13. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , having Young's modulus of about 150 MPa or more as determined by a resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force, when normalized to wall thickness.
14. The dryer polymer substance according to claim 1 , exhibiting ultimate elongation of 80% or more as determined by a percentage of strain to rapture.
15. A breath sampling system comprising:
A dryer polymer tube comprising a non-porous polymer grafted with a compound having sulfonic groups, said polymer comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene)-graft-poly(styrene sulfonated acid)(P(VDF-HFP)-g-PSSA) or any derivative thereof, wherein the percentage of grafting is in a range of 20-50%, wherein the tube is adapted to pervaporate water, water vapor or both from a gas while maintaining the concentration of CO 2 , O 2 or both in said gas, and wherein the tube has a water evaporation rate of over 150 micro-liter/hour at a temperature of 22° C. and at 34% humidity, when the internal diameter of the tube is 1.0±0.1 millimeter (mm); the outer diameter of the tube is 1.24±0.02 mm and the length of the tube is 50 mm; and least of:
a connector adapted to connect said dryer polymer tube to a breath sampling tube; and
a reinforcement element.
16. The system according to claim 15 , wherein the connector, the reinforcement element, or both, are molded with the dryer polymer tube.