Method and apparatus for orderly run-down of superconducting magnets
In a method and apparatus for maintaining operation of ancillary equipment associated with a superconducting magnet carrying a DC current, the DC current is directed through a DC-to-AC converter, and the magnitude of the current flowing through the superconducting magnet is ramped down at a controlled rate, thereby generating a controlled voltage across a controlled impedance, and powering the ancillary equipment by the controlled voltage and an associated current, and the ramping rate is controlled in order to maintain a required controlled voltage.
1. A method for maintaining operation of a cryogenic refrigerator powered by an electrical power source and used for cooling a superconducting magnet carrying a DC current, comprising the steps of:
detecting a failure of the electrical power source, and in response to the detection of the failure of the electrical power source, performing the following steps to ensure an orderly run-down of the superconducting magnet in advance of a possible quench:
directing the DC current through a DC to AC converter;
ramping down the magnitude of the current flowing through the superconducting magnet at a controlled ramping rate, thereby generating a controlled power from the DC to AC converter;
powering the cryogenic refrigerator by the controlled power; and
controlling the ramping rate in order to maintain a required controlled power.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of controlling the ramping rate comprises increasing the ramping rate as the magnitude of current flowing in the magnet decreases.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of powering the cryogenic refrigerator continues until substantially all of the energy stored in the magnet had been dissipated in operating the refrigerator.
4. Apparatus for maintaining operation of a cryogenic refrigerator powered by an electrical power source and used for cooling a superconducting magnet carrying a DC current, comprising:
a DC to AC converter;
a detector configured to detect a failure of the electrical power source, and to operate the DC-to-AC converter in response to the detection of the failure of the electrical power source;
a controlled impedance;
a superconducting switch;
connections electrically connecting the superconducting switch to the controlled voltage; and
a controller configured to control a flow of DC current through the DC-to-AC converter in order to ramp down a magnitude of the DC current flowing through the superconducting magnet at a controlled rate in order to generate a controlled voltage across the superconducting switch and causing an orderly run-down of the superconducting magnet in advance of a possible quench.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the DC-to-AC convertor is arranged to increase the ramping rate as the magnitude of the DC current flowing in the magnet decreases.