Magnetic microstructures for magnetic resonance imaging
The present invention relates to a magnetic resonance structure with a cavity or a reserved space that provides contrast and the additional ability to frequency-shift the spectral signature of the NMR-susceptible nuclei such as water protons by a discrete and controllable characteristic frequency shift that is unique to each MRS design. The invention also relates to nearly uniform solid magnetic resonance T 2 * contrast agents that have a significantly higher magnetic moment compared to similarly-sized existing MRI contrast agents.
1. A magnetic resonance contrast agent comprising:
a plurality of solid disk-shaped magnetic resonance structures, the magnetic resonance structures being of uniform size and magnetic moment and each comprising a pair of disks comprising magnetic material, wherein the disks are separated via an internal non-magnetic spacer, wherein each magnetic resonance structure has a volume of 5×10 −22 m 3 to 5×10 −15 m 3 , and wherein the magnetic resonance structures are dispersed in a fluid medium.
2. The magnetic resonance contrast agent of claim 1 , wherein each magnetic resonance structure of the plurality of magnetic resonance structures has a magnetic moment from about 10 −14 A·m 2 to about 10 −11 A·m 2 .
3. The magnetic resonance contrast agent of claim 1 , wherein each magnetic resonance structure of the plurality of magnetic resonance structures varies in size by less than about 5% of the average size of the plurality of magnetic resonance structures.
4. The magnetic resonance contrast agent of claim 3 , wherein each magnetic resonance structure of the plurality of magnetic resonance structures varies in magnetic moment by less than about 5% of the average magnetic moment of the plurality of magnetic resonance structures.
5. The magnetic resonance contrast agent of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic material comprises a ferromagnetic material, paramagnetic material, superparamagnetic material, magnetic alloy material, magnetic compound, or any combination thereof.
6. The magnetic resonance contrast agent of claim 5 , wherein the magnetic resonance structures further comprise a coating selected from the group consisting of an oxidation barrier, a corrosion barrier, a mechanical strengthening layer, a spatial buffer coating to inhibit the clumping of magnetic resonance structures, a non-toxic coating, a biologically inert coating, a coating to facilitate bioconjugation, a cell-specific antibody and ligand coating, and combinations thereof.
7. The magnetic resonance contrast agent of claim 1 , wherein each disk has a diameter ranging from about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm and a thickness ranging from about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm.