Heat-sanitization of surfaces
Solutions for limiting the undesirable spread of pathogens by indirect contact are provided. The solutions involve heat-sanitization of contact regions on articles or fixtures by flowing selected electromagnetic radiation energy through underlying waveguide structures substantially parallel to the contact regions.
1. A self-sanitizing article, comprising:
an electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure; and
an outer surface region disposed proximate to the electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure,
wherein the outer surface region has a selected electromagnetic radiation absorber portion and forms the exterior of at least one of an electronic display screen or an electronic touch screen,
wherein the electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure is configured to flow selected electromagnetic radiation energy internally therethrough substantially parallel to the outer surface region, and
wherein the selected electromagnetic radiation absorber portion is disposed relative to the waveguide structure so that it is coupled to and heated by the electromagnetic radiation energy flow to a positive temperature to heat-sanitize an exposed portion of the outer surface region.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide structure is substantially transparent to a viewer of the at least one of the electronic display screen or the electronic touch screen.
3. A self-sanitizing article, comprising:
an electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure;
an outer surface region disposed proximate to the electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure; and
a status indicator configured to indicate a sanitization state of the outer surface region,
wherein the outer surface region has a selected electromagnetic radiation absorber portion,
wherein the electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure is configured to flow selected electromagnetic radiation energy internally therethrough substantially parallel to the outer surface region, and
wherein the selected electromagnetic radiation absorber portion is disposed relative to the waveguide structure so that it is coupled to and heated by the electromagnetic radiation energy flow to a positive temperature to heat-sanitize an exposed portion of the outer surface region.
4. A self-sanitizing article, comprising:
an electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure;
an outer surface region disposed proximate to the electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure,
wherein the outer surface region has a selected electromagnetic radiation absorber portion,
wherein the electromagnetic radiation waveguide structure is configured to flow selected electromagnetic radiation energy internally therethrough substantially parallel to the outer surface region, and
wherein the selected electromagnetic radiation absorber portion is disposed relative to the waveguide structure so that it is coupled to and heated by the electromagnetic radiation energy flow to a positive temperature to heat-sanitize an exposed portion of the outer surface region;
a radiation source configured to provide the selected electromagnetic radiation energy to the waveguide structure; and
a contact sensor configured to determine if a contact has been made to an exposed portion of the outer surface region and to accordingly activate the radiation source to provide the selected electromagnetic radiation energy to the waveguide structure for heat-sanitization of the exposed portion of the outer surface region.
5. The article of claim 4 , wherein the selected electromagnetic radiation provided by the radiation source comprises short duration electromagnetic pulses.
6. The article of claim 4 , wherein the selected electromagnetic radiation absorber portion is a substantially continuous adlayer extending over a portion of the waveguide structure.
7. The article of claim 4 , wherein the selected electromagnetic radiation absorber portion includes discrete absorbers distributed over a portion of the waveguide structure, the discrete absorbers being physically separate from one another.
8. The article of claim 7 , wherein discrete absorbers include radiation-absorbing particles.
9. The article of claim 8 , wherein the radiation-absorbing particles are nanoparticles having sufficiently small dimensions that allow resonant coupling to and enhanced absorption of portions of the electromagnetic radiation energy flow.
10. The article of claim 4 , wherein the radiation source is an infrared light source.
11. The article of claim 4 , further comprising, a programmable mechanism configured to control activation of the radiation source to provide the selected electromagnetic radiation energy to the waveguide structure for heat-sanitization of an exposed portion of the outer surface region.
12. The article of claim 4 , further comprising, a controller configured to control activation of the radiation source to provide the selected electromagnetic radiation energy to the waveguide structure for heat-sanitization of an exposed portion of the outer surface region according to a predetermined schedule.
13. The article of claim 4 , further comprising, a user-activated switch configured to control activation of the radiation source to provide the selected electromagnetic radiation energy to the waveguide structure for heat-sanitization of an exposed portion of the outer surface region according to a user command.
14. The article of claim 4 , wherein the outer surface region forms the exterior of at least one of an electronic display screen or an electronic touch screen.
15. The article of claim 14 , wherein the waveguide structure is substantially transparent to a viewer of the at least one of the electronic display screen or the electronic touch screen.
16. The article of claim 4 , further comprising, a status indicator configured to indicate a sanitization state of the outer surface region.