Fast filtering powder catalytic mixtures
The catalytic mixture resulting of a metal powder catalyst with a solid material (referred to here as a reaction-aid) that has good filtering properties, does not interfere with the reaction, does not interfere with recycling the catalyst back into the reaction, does not interfere with the refining and recovery of the metal from the catalyst after it is spent, and will not become separated from the catalyst during the preparation of this catalytic mixture, the chemical reaction or the separation of this catalytic mixture from the reaction medium, whereas the ratio of the reaction aid to the catalyst ranges from 0.05 to 20 on a weight basis. A preferred metal powder catalyst is acetylene black supported precious metal. Preferred reaction aids are sibunit powder or activated carbon. The catalytic mixture can be used for the catalytic transformation of compounds, such as the hydrogenation of olefins, or the hydrogenation of nitro compounds.
1. A catalytic mixture comprising:
a) a metal powder catalyst comprising metal crystals that have been fixed to a powder support by a fixing agent; and
b) a reaction aid which aids in filtering but does not interfere with a reaction, which comprises particles with a particle size distribution, D 50 , of 5 μm-1000 μm and which is selected from the group consisting of a sibunit powder and an activated carbon;
wherein the ratio of said reaction aid to said catalyst is 0.05-20 on a weight basis.
2. The catalytic mixture of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of reaction aid to catalyst is from 4 to 6 on a weight basis.
3. The catalytic mixture of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of reaction aid to catalyst is 5 on a weight basis.
4. The catalytic mixture of claim 1 , comprising an acetylene black supported precious metal catalyst and sibunit powder, wherein the ratio of sibunit powder to catalyst is from 0.05 to 20 on a weight basis.
5. The catalytic mixture of claim 4 , wherein the ratio of sibunit powder to catalyst is 5 on a weight basis.
6. The catalytic mixture of claim 1 , comprising an acetylene black supported precious metal catalyst and activated carbon, wherein the ratio of said activated carbon to catalyst is from 0.3 to 20 on a weight basis.
7. The catalytic mixture of claim 6 , wherein the ratio of activated carbon to catalyst is from 4.0 to 6.0 on a weight basis.
8. The catalytic mixture of claim 7 , wherein the ratio of activated carbon to catalyst is 5 on a weight basis.
9. The catalytic mixture of claim 1 , comprising an activated carbon derived from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of wood, peat, coal, saw dust, carbon containing waste materials, rice husks, coconut shells, bones, lignite, petroleum based residues and sugars.
10. The catalytic mixture of claim 9 , further comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of: Pt or Fe.
11. The catalytic mixture of claim 9 , further comprising Pd.
12. The catalytic mixture of claim 11 , further comprising acetylene black.
13. In a chemical reaction in which an organic compound or a nitrate undergoes a hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, isomerization, reductive amination, reductive alkylation, oxidation and/or hydration, the improvement comprising catalyzing said reaction with the catalytic mixture of claim 1 .
14. The improvement of claim 13 , wherein said chemical reaction is the hydrogenation of an olefin.
15. The improvement of claim 13 , wherein said chemical reaction is the hydrogenation of a nitro compound.
16. The improvement of claim 13 , wherein said chemical reaction is the hydrogenation of an aromatic nitro compound.
17. The improvement of claim 13 , wherein said chemical reaction is the hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene to toluenediamine.
18. The improvement of claim 17 , wherein said catalytic mixture comprises a precious metal powder catalyst containing Pd, Pt and Fe.
19. The improvement of claim 18 , wherein said Pd, Pt and Fe are present in said precious metal powder catalyst at the weight ratios of 9:1:10 for Pd:Pt:Fe.
20. The improvement of claim 19 , wherein the reaction aid in said catalytic mixture comprises sibunit powder.