Conversion of 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde into 5-methyl-2-furoic acid and derivatives thereof
The present invention concerns the synthesis of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, including ester, amide, and thioester derivatives of such from 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF). The molecules so prepared are useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical, food, and fragrance molecules; as well as fuel or fuel additives.
1. A method for the synthesis of an output consisting of one or more of: an ester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, an amide of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, and a thioester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, from a precursor consisting of 5-methyl-furaldehyde with one hydrogen of the 5-methyl group replaced with one of chloride, fluoride, bromide, iodide, p-toluenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, phenoxy, hydroxy, or ammonium, the method comprising: (a) contacting the precursor, a base, an organic solvent, a catalyst, and a reactive nucleophile in a reaction vessel at a temperature of from about 35 degrees C. to about 50 degrees C., such that molecules of the output are produced; (b) separating the molecules of the output by extraction with a hydrophobic solvent, or else by chromatography, distillation, sublimation, or precipitation; wherein the catalyst is one or more of: (1) a N-heterocyclic carbene, (2) a salt of a N-heterocyclic carbene, (3) cyanide, (4) chloride, (5) bromide, (6) iodide, (7) thiazolium, (8) 1,2,4-triazolium, (9) imidazolium, (10) tetrazolium ring system.
2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the output is an ester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid having an alkoxycarbonyl portion, and wherein the alkoxycarbonyl portion is linear or branched aliphatic chain or a cyclic aliphatic, having at least 1 and not more than 20 carbon atoms.
3. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the output is an ester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid having an aryloxycarbonyl portion, and wherein the aryloxycarbonyl portion is an aromatic ring, having at least 5 and not more than 10 carbon atoms.
4. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the reactive nucleophile is an alcohol.
5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the reactive nucleophile is an amine.
6. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the reactive nucleophile is a thiol.
7. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic solvent comprises a solvent that is immiscible with water.
8. A method for the synthesis of an output consisting of one or more of: an ester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, an amide of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, and a thioester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, from a precursor consisting of 5-methyl-furaldehyde with one hydrogen of the 5-methyl group replaced with one of chloride, fluoride, bromide, iodide, p-toluenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, phenoxy, hydroxy, or ammonium, the method comprising: (a) contacting the precursor, a base, an organic solvent, a catalyst, and a silanol in a reaction vessel at a temperature of from about −78 degrees C. to about 150 degrees C., such that molecules of the output are produced; (b) separating the molecules of the output by extraction with a hydrophobic solvent, or else by chromatography, distillation, sublimation, or precipitation; wherein the catalyst is one or more of: (1) a N-heterocyclic carbene, (2) a salt of a N-heterocyclic carbene, (3) cyanide, (4) chloride, (5) bromide, (6) iodide, (7) thiazolium, (8) 1,2,4-triazolium, (9) imidazolium, (10) tetrazolium ring system.
9. A method as in claim 8 , wherein the output is an ester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid having an alkoxycarbonyl portion, and wherein the alkoxycarbonyl portion is linear or branched aliphatic chain or a cyclic aliphatic, having at least 1 and not more than 20 carbon atoms.
10. A method as in claim 8 , wherein the output is an ester of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid having an aryloxycarbonyl portion, and wherein the aryloxycarbonyl portion is an aromatic ring, having at least 5 and not more than 10 carbon atoms.
11. A method as in claim 8 , wherein the base comprises an inorganic base.
12. A method as in claim 8 , wherein the base comprises a nitrogen-containing organic base.
13. A method as in claim 8 , wherein the hydrophobic solvent comprises a solvent that is immiscible with water.