Pressure tunable expandable mandrel for manufacturing a composite structure
A method of making a composite core can include configuring a plurality of mandrels to have a desired thermal expansion characteristic, placing a composite material around each mandrel, placing the plurality of mandrels in a tool, the tool being configured to constrain the plurality of mandrels as the mandrels experience a thermal expansion, heating the mandrels so that the mandrels thermally expand, thereby applying a pressure to the composite material during a cure cycle, and then cooling and separating the mandrels from the composite core. The mandrel is configured as an internal form for making a tube member of a composite core.
1. A method of making a composite core, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of mandrels, each mandrel comprising:
a body portion with an outer surface, the outer surface defining an ultimate shape of a tube member of the composite core; and
a hollow portion that defines an internal surface of the body portion, the hollow portion having a star shaped geometry that is collapsible in multiple pressure stages, the star shaped geometry having a plurality of flat walled leg portions that each terminate at a point, the plurality of flat walled leg portions extending from an interior portion;
placing a composite material around each mandrel;
placing the plurality of mandrels in a tool, the tool being configured to constrain the plurality of mandrels as the mandrels experience a thermal expansion;
heating the mandrels so that the mandrels thermally expand, thereby applying a pressure to the composite material during a cure cycle, the step of heating the mandrels including increasing a temperature of the mandrels for a duration, the increase in temperature during the duration causing a first pressure plateau as the flat walled leg portions of the hollow portion collapse and second pressure plateau as a diameter of the interior portion collapses; and
cooling and separating the mandrels from the composite core.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of placing the composite material around each mandrel includes wrapping the composite material around each mandrel.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each mandrel has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is non-linear in a radial direction.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each mandrel has a hexagonal shape.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of heating the mandrels so that the mandrels thermally expand includes flowing air through the hollow portion in each mandrel.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of placing the plurality of mandrels in a tool includes stacking the mandrels adjacently to form a first tube member that has another tube member adjacent to each faceted surface of the first tube member.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of heating the mandrels so that the mandrels thermally expand includes controlling the temperature of the mandrels so as to control the pressure exerted upon the composite material by the mandrels.